药学英语第五版原文翻译PDF打印.pdfVIP

一 寸 光 阴 不 可 轻 Introduction to Physiology 生理学简介 Introduction 介绍 Physiology is the study of the functions of living matter. It is 生理学是研究生物体功能的科学。它研 concerned with how an organism performs its varied activities: how it 究生物体如何进行各种活动，如何饮食，如 feeds, how it moves, how it adapts to changing circumstances, how it 何运动，如何适应不断改变的环境，如何繁 spawns new generations. The subject is vast and embraces the whole of 殖后代。这门学科包罗万象，涵盖了生物体 life. The success of physiology in explaining how organisms perform their 整个生命过程。生理学成功地解释了生物体 daily tasks is based on the notion that they are intricate and exquisite 如何进行日常活动，基于的观点是生物体好 machines whose operation is governed by the laws of physics and 比是结构复杂而灵巧的机器，其操作受物理 chemistry. 和化学规律控制。 Although some processes are similar across the whole spectrum of 尽管从生物学整个范畴看，生物体某些 biology—the replication of the genetic code for or example—many are 活动过程是相似的—— 如基因编码的复制 specific to particular groups of organisms. For this reason it is necessary to —— 但许多过程还是某些生物体群组特有 divide the subject into various parts such as bacterial physiology, plant 的。鉴于此有必要将这门学科分成不同部分 physiology, and animal physiology. 研究，如细菌生理学、植物生理学和动物生 To study how an animal works it is first necessary to know how it is 理学。 built. A full appreciation of the physiology of an organism must therefore 要研究一种动物如何活动，首先需要了 be based on a sound knowledge of its anatomy. Experiments can then be 解它的构成。要充分了解一个生物体的生理 carried out to establish how particular parts perform their functions. 学活动就必须掌握全面的解剖学知识。一个 Although there have been many important