英国政治制度.pdfVIP

英国政治制度 国会 Parliament 君主 Sovereign 上议院 the House of Lords 下议院 the House of Commons 内阁 the Cabinet 国会议员 MPs (Members of Parliament) 宗教领袖 religious leaders 世袭贵族 hereditary peers 终身贵族 life peers 保守党 the Conservative Party 工党 the Labor Party 自由民主党 the Liberal Democratic Party 徽标 Emblem The British Government Constitutional monarchy (君主立宪制） The Monarch reigns but doesnt rule. The rights of the Monarchy, as formality and historical legacy, are strictly restricted by a set of laws Power: the Crown (non- democratic) →aristocratic Lords → (with a powerful Prime Minister) A process of democracy: political party →extension of the universal franchise → of local government and devolution The Constitution a set of rules and conventions No Written constitution Multiple documents: Statute law (成文法 ); common laws; Conventions Ancient documents European Union law The European Convention on Human Rights 1 Characteristics: Constitutional Monarchy Parliamentary sovereignty (parliamentary authority unlimited) Representative democracy The rule of law (people are subject to law, not to the will of governors The Monarchy The King/Queen (ceremonial duties; signing papers) Legislative: Summon, or dissolve Parliament Give Royal Assent to bills Judicial Pardon 赦免 Personal Immunity 豁免 (not the Crown) Executive Confer peerages and knighthoods Appoint importan