自考英语词汇学 第九章课件.pptVIP

英语词汇学Chapter 9 English Idioms英语习语;Idiom 习语;9.1 Characteristics of idioms 习语的特点 ; Though the various words which make up the idiom have their respective literal meanings， in the idiom they have lost their individual identity. 尽管组成习语的不同词有各自的字面意义，但在习语中 他们已失去个体的身份。 Their meanings are not often recognizable in the meaning of the whole idiom. The part of speech of each element in no longer important. Quite often the idiom functions as one word. 他们的意义在整个习语的意义中经常是无法识别的。同样，每一成分的词性不再 重要。这条习语通常用作一个词。 ; The semantic unity of Idioms is also reflected in the is illogical relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom . 习语的语义整体性也可体现在每个词的字面意义和习语的意义之间不合逻辑的关系中。 Many idioms are semantically inexplicable. 许多习语在语义上是无法解释的。 ;9.1.2 Structural Stability结构的稳定性 ;Thirdly, the constituents of idioms cannot be deleted or added to， not even an article. 习语的组成成分不能删除或增加，甚至一个冠词。 Finally, many idioms are grammatically unanalysable. 很多习语在语法上是不可分析的 。 ; The idomaticity of idioms is gradable and may best be thought in terms of scale， with the“true”idioms established at the upper end and regular combinations at the bottom. 习语的习语性是分等级的，而且可能最好从等级上来研究。“真正的习语位于顶端，规则的组合处于末端。;True idioms – the meaning of the idiom cannot be deduced from those of the individual constituents. 真正的习语—语义是不能从单独组成成分的意义中推导出来的习语。 Regular combination – the speaker of the regular collocations， the meaning of the idiom can be understood from the literal meaning of the constitute. 规则组合—其意义能从组成成分的字面意义中得以解释。 ;Semi-idioms – the meanings are in a way related to the meanings of the constitute but are not themselves explicit. 半习语—其意义在某种程度上与组成成分的意义相关联，但本身却不是很明确。 The fixity of idioms depends on the idiomaticity 。The more idiomatic the idioms， the more fixed the structure. 习语的稳定性在于其习语性程度。习语的习语性越强，其结构也便越稳固。 ;9.2 Classification of idioms习语的分类 The standard of Classification of idioms is The criterion of ’grammatical function’.习语的分类标准是语法功能的标准 。 ;9.2.1 Idioms nominal in na