四级语法讲座5时态语态.pptVIP

welcome to here 四级英语 语法讲座 重点七? 几种重要的时态 I. 考点分析 在四级考试中，时态（包括语态）这部分的考点大多隐藏在别的类型的动词题（虚拟语气、非谓语动词、情态动词、连词）中。 如2002年1 月份第43题： All flights _________ because of the terrible weather, they had to go there by train. A) were canceled??????? B) having canceled????????????? C) had been canceled???????? D) having been canceled 这是一道较为综合的考动词的题，包括了时态、语态、分词作状语。 单独考时态的题主要是考察对完成时态中的掌握，其中以一般将来时、将来完成时和过去完成时最为重要。完成进行时有时也会考到。 跟其它的语法题相似，做时态题时主要是找出考点和线索。时态题的线索主要是用于完成时的几个介词（连词）：since, for, by, up to (now)等。 其中尤其以by最为重要。 II．知识点 一般将来时一般将来时的考点无一例外地出现在下面的情况中：在将来时态中，主句用将来时，从句则要用一般时。如98年6月的第53题： If she doesnt tell him the truth now, hell simply keep on asking her until she _______. A) doesB) has doneC) will doD) would do 现在完成进行时 由have (has) + been +现在分词构成，表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去，通常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如for hours, since this morning….例如： They have been watching TV for two hours. He has been working on this essay since this morning. 现在完成进行时和现在完成时的第二种（即表示动作延续）的用法相似，并常常可以互换。它们的区别在于：现在完成进行时比现在完成时更强调动作的延续性，前者可以说是后者的强调形式。 过去完成时 1.由had +过去分词构成，表示在过去某一时刻以前已经完成的动作，常与由by, before，until等介词或连词引起的表示到过去某一时间为止的时间状语连用。例如： The girl had learned a lot of English words before she went to school. ?By the end of last month, we had finished half of the work. 2.这一时态也常用于宾语或定语从句中。例如： ?He found the book that he had lost. ?She thought she had locked the door. 3.用在表示与过去情况相反的虚拟句的从句中，例如： ?If he had studied hard last term, he would have passed the examination. ?I wish I had gone to the party last night. 过去完成进行时 由had been +现在分词构成，主要表示过去某时以前一直在进行的一个动作，例如： ?It had been raining for two day. The fields were all under water. ?At last they got the telegram they had been expecting. 将来完成时 由shall (will) + have +过去分词构成，表示将来某个时间之前会发生或可能完成的事情，常与by, before, when等介词或连词引导的表示将来的时间短语或从句连用。例如： ?When we get there they’ll probably have left. ?By the end of this century China will have become one of the strongest and wealthiest country in the world. 四级真题 时 态 1.? Once environmental damage _______, it takes many years for the system t