海明威简介课件.pptVIP

Style 海明威是世界公认的文体风格大师。 他是个善于学习，业务上精益求精的作家。 他的简洁文体绝不是轻而一举之作，他自己说他是站着写初稿，以免写得冗长，但坐着改，这样可以仔细斟酌。如果六小时能写400字的好文章，他就满足了。 海明威文体的特点是用英语基本词库中的小词、常用词。他喜欢用名词和动名词，较少用形容词和副词，即使用也多为good一类意思不大具体、明确的词。海明威使用的句式多为简单陈述句或用and连接的并列句；这样，被连接的各部分处于同等重要的地位，同时也避免表达因果等关系。这实际上就是詹姆斯所要求作家的“展示”（showing），而不是“叙述”（telling）。 这种手法颇像电影，将实际的场面推到读者眼前，作者并不做评论。作品能否打动读者，关键在于作家的细节选择是否得当。海明威向艾略特学习了“客观对应物”手法，即写作时不直接表露感情而是寻找一组物体、一个情景、一连串事件，使读者通过这些外在的事实产生某种特殊的思想感情。 海明威在这基础上形成了他的“冰山”（iceberg principle）论点，他说：“如果一位散文作家对于他想写的东西心里很有数，那么他可以省略他所知道的东西，读者呢，只要作者写的真实，会强烈地感觉到他所省略的部分，好像作者已经写出来似的。冰山在海里移动很是威严壮观，这是因为它只有八分之一露出水面。” In Death in the Afternoon, Hemingway outlined his theory of omission or iceberg principle.? He states:?? If a writer of prose knows enough about what he is writing about he may omit things that he knows and the reader, if the writer is writing truly enough, will have a feeling of those things as strongly as though the writer had stated them.? The dignity of movement of the iceberg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water.?? The writer who omits things because he does not know them only makes hollow places in his writing. 海明威常常使用有意轻描淡写的笔法来表现隐藏着的强烈感情，如《永别了，武器》的结尾，表面看起来十分简单平淡，却使读者感受到了主人公极度的悲哀。凯瑟琳死了，亨利坚持要进病房去和她最后诀别： 医生顺着过道走掉，我回到病房门口。 “你现在还不能进来，”一名护士说。 “不，我要进。” “你还不能进来。” “你出去，”我说，“那一位也出去。” 我把护士赶走，关上门，熄了灯，可这也没有什么用。这象是同一尊石像告别。过了一会儿，我走了出来，出了医院，在雨中走回旅馆。 据海明威自己说，此书最后一页他改写了39次之多。 Anecdote In the 1920s, Hemingway bet his colleagues $10 that he could write a complete story in just six words. They paid up. His story: “For sale. Baby shoes. Never worn.” Lost Generation Lost Generation refers to the post-World War I generation of American writers who lived in Paris and other parts of Europe They were haunted by a sense of betrayal and emptiness brought about by the destructiveness of the war. Significant members included Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ezra Pound, Sherwood Anderson, Hart Crane, John Dos Passos, T. S. Eliot, and e. e. cummings The term was coined by Gertrude Stein in a remar