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C/C++ Programming interview questions and answers By Satish Shetty, July 14th, 2004 What is encapsulation?? Containing and hiding information about an object, such as internal data structures and code. Encapsulation isolates the internal complexity of an objects operation from the rest of the application. For example, a client component asking for net revenue from a business object need not know the datas origin. What is inheritance? Inheritance allows one class to reuse the state and behavior of another class. The derived class inherits the properties and method implementations of the base class and extends it by overriding methods and adding additional properties and methods. What is Polymorphism?? Polymorphism allows a client to treat different objects in the same way even if they were created from different classes and exhibit different behaviors. You can use implementation inheritance to achieve polymorphism in languages such as C++ and Java. Base class objects pointer can invoke methods in derived class objects. You can also achieve polymorphism in C++ by function overloading and operator overloading. What is constructor or ctor? Constructor creates an object and initializes it. It also creates vtable for virtual functions. It is different from other methods in a class. What is destructor? Destructor usually deletes any extra resources allocated by the object.  What is default constructor? Constructor with no arguments or all the arguments has default values. What is copy constructor? Constructor which initializes the its object member variables ( by shallow copying) with another object of the same class. If you dont implement one in your class then compiler implements one for you. for example:Boo Obj1(10); // calling Boo constructor Boo Obj2(Obj1); // calling boo copy constructorBoo Obj2 = Obj1;// calling boo copy constructor When are copy constructors called? Copy constructors are called in following cases: a) when a function returns an object of