447-严寒和寒冷地区居住建筑第四步节能指标体系研究.pdfVIP

严寒和寒冷地区居住建筑第四步节能指标体系 研究 ☆ △ 哈尔滨工业大学 建筑学院 刘梦婷 王昭俊 摘 要：对严寒和寒冷地区居住建筑第四步节能指标体系进行了研究，分析了第四步节能的目标，确 定了新的建筑物耗热量指标，给出了居住建筑第四步节能下的各气候分区的围护结构传热系数限值，由于 外窗的传热系数小，需采用Low-e 玻璃，Low-e 玻璃遮阳系数小，影响了透过外窗透明部分的太阳辐射得 热，因此，新节能目标下考虑了外窗的遮阳系数。第四步标准可以达到总体节能75％的要求，其中低层建 筑做了特殊考虑，建议修改新标准的强制性条文、增加保温材料和外窗材料附录。 关键词：居住建筑 节能 严寒和寒冷地区 建筑物耗热量指标 围护结构传热系数限值 Abstract ：the fourth step energy saving index system of residential buildings in cold and severe cold areas was studied. The target of the fourth steps of energy saving was analyzed. The new energy consumption index was determined. The heat transfer coefficient limit of each climate partition under fourth steps of residential building was given. Because of the small heat transfer coefficient of the outer window, the heat transfer coefficient of the outer window was small. The use of Low-e glass is needed. Since Low-e glass shading coefficient is small, it influences the heat gaining by the out transparent glass from the solar rays. Therefore, under the new energy-saving targets we took into consideration of the shading coefficient of windows. The fourth step can reach 75% of the total energy conservation standard requirements, among which we paid special consideration to low buildings proposing mandatory provisions of the new standard, modifying the increase of insulation materials and window materials appendix. Key words:residential buildings, energy saving, cold and severe cold areas, building heat consumption index, Limit of heat transfer coefficient of enclosure structure 0 背景 住宅是建筑中最重要的建筑形式之一，据统计人们超过50 ％的时间是在住宅中度过的。随着我国住宅 建筑面积的迅速增长，总体建筑能耗也呈增长趋势。因此，如何在兼顾舒适的室内环境的情况下，有效地 减少建筑能耗，是人们关注的问题。 根据中国建筑能耗研究报告显示 [1] ，2015 年中国建筑能源消费总量为 8.57 亿吨标准煤，占全国能源 消费总量的20 ％，其中城镇居住建筑能耗3.2 亿吨标准煤，农村建筑能耗1.97 亿吨标准煤。全国建筑总面 积达到613 亿平方米，其中城镇居住建筑面积248 亿平方米，农村居住建筑252 亿平方米。在全国总建筑 能耗与面积中，北方城镇采暖面积和能耗分别为 129 亿平方米和 1.93