专论·中药内的菌物药-天津中草药杂志社.PDFVIP

中草药 Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs 第43 卷 第8 期 2012 年8 月 ·1457 · ·专 论 · 中药内的菌物药 1, 2, 3* 1 2 3 庄 毅 ，陈建伟 ，谢小梅 ，马 琳 1. 南京中医药大学，江苏 南京 210029 2. 江西中医学院，江西 南昌 330004 3. 天津中医药大学，天津 300193 摘 要：现代生命科学已确证真菌独立成为真菌界，又以其为主出现了“菌物”（fungi ）的概念和名词。因此，以往归属于 中药“植物药”内的“真菌类中药”应冠名为“菌物药”，仍归属于中药，这将有助于对其所研发的新药进行合理定位。菌 物药具有“药用真菌”和“真菌药物”二类药用方式，前者以真菌自身组织入药（如灵芝、茯苓等），后者是中药所独创也 是唯一的一类生物制药工艺（如古代中药神曲和现代槐耳菌质）。新创立的基于药性基质的“双向固体发酵”工程取得了良 好进展，如具抗病毒作用的“槐芪菌质”及对雷公藤进行解毒持效的“灵雷菌质”等；利用中药药渣作为药性基质，进行中 药二次开发并涉及环境保护等研究已引起业内各方的高度重视，对此取得的新进展进行简要概述。 关键词：菌物药；药用真菌；发酵组合；固体发酵；真菌药物；基质；菌质；中药二次开发 中图分类号：R282 文献标志码：A 文章编号：0253 - 2670(2012)08 - 1457 - 05 Fungi medicine in Chinese materia medica 1, 2, 3 1 2 3 ZHUANG Yi , CHEN Jian-wei , XIE Xiao-mei , MA Lin 1. Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China 2. Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China 3. Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China Abstract: “Fungi” has been confirmed as an independent field in the scope of modern life science, which gives the priority to define the concept and terminology of “fungi”. Therefore, fungi previously attributed to the phytomedicine in Chinese materia medica (CMM) should be officially named as “fungi medicine” and still belongs to the category of CMM, which will be benefit to the reasonable location for the newly research and development of fungi medicine. “Fungi medicine” exists in two forms: “medicinal fungi” and “fungi CMM”. The former makes the self-tissues of fungi as medicines, such as Ganoderma and Poria, etc., and the latter is special CMM with the unique biopharmaceu