药学英语药理学的课件.pptVIP

Unit 2 Pharmacology assess the effect of different doses on therapeutic effect use animal models to screen chemicals with anti-tumor activity measure plasma half life of a drug in body evaluate toxicity of a candidate drug in men determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of an antibiotic evaluate the inhibitory effect of a candidate drug on an enzyme History 1.Pharmacology studies the effects of drugs and how they exert their effects. E.g. penicillin kills susceptible bacteria by specifically inhibiting the transpeptidase(转肽酶) that catalyzes the final step in cell wall biosynthesis, the cross-linking of peptidoglycan（肽聚糖）. Enzyme inhibitor 32.4% Transport protein inhibitor 16.0% Receptor agonist 9.1% Receptor antagonist 10.7% Drugs acting on ion channels 9.1% DNA, RNA/ribosome 2. Important figures in the development of pharmacology Friedrich Wohler Synthesis of urea(尿素): organic compounds can be synthesized from inorganic materials Oswald Schmiedeberg His work primarily dealt with finding the correlation between the chemical structure of substances and their effectiveness. a thesis on the measurement of chloroform（氯仿） in blood studied the pharmacology of chloroform and chloral hydrate（水合氯醛 ） publication of Outline of Pharmacology trained a number of preeminent scientists Jacob Abel founded and chaired the first department of pharmacology in the United States at the University of Michigan isolation of epinephrine（肾上腺素）from adrenal gland isolation of histamine（组胺）from pituitary extract preparation of crystalline insulin（胰岛素） William Withering discoverer of digitalis（洋地黄） for the treatment of congestive heart failure（充血性心力衰竭） Definitions Pharmacology has been defined as an experimental science that studies changes brought about in vivo and in vitro by chemically acting substances, whether used for therapeutic purpose or not. In the broadest sense, pha