课件：膝关节解剖16806.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Knee Ligaments Lateral Medial Retinaculum Medial Retinaculum Medial support for Patellar Tracking Lateral Retinaculum Lateral support for Patellar Tracking Vastus Medialis Vastus Lateralis Knee: Tendons Tendons Quadriceps Tendon Quadriceps Tendon connects the Quadriceps Muscles to the Patella四头肌腱连接四头肌和膑骨 Patellar Tendon Patellar Tendon connects the Patella to the Tibia. 膑腱连接膑韧带和胫骨 The Patella is a bone embedded within the Quadriceps and Patellar Tendons lying over the Femoral bone. Also known as a “sesamoid” bone.膑骨存在于股四头肌内，又成为籽骨 Knee: Tendons QuadricepsTendon Patellar Tendon Knee: Meniscal Cartilage Meniscus (plural = menisci)半月板 The articular surfaces between the femur and tibia are not congruent. They are closest in full extension. However this space must be filled by the meniscus.股骨和胫骨关节面不是匹配的，在屈曲位是最接近的。空间被半月板填充 Both menisci are thicker at their periphery and thinner towards the middle. They both move in flexion and extension. 两个半月板都是四周厚中间薄，在屈伸时都是运动的 The lateral meniscus is not firmly attached to the collateral ligament or to the tibia as is the medial meniscus. Thus, it is less prone to distortion and injury.外侧半月板不像内侧半月板那样同侧副韧带或胫骨紧密附着 Knee: Meniscal Cartilage Meniscus, ACL/ PCL Attachments The lateral meniscus is ”O“ shaped and generally of equal thickness.外侧半月板o形，等厚。 The medial meniscus is ”C“ shaped and is thicker posteriorly than anteriorly.内侧半月板c形，后侧比前侧厚 Lateral Medial Lateral Medial Knee The menisci serve several functions 半月板装置的几个功能 A. Lubrication润滑 B. Nutrition营养 C. Shock absorbers震荡吸收 D. Spread stress传导压力 E. Decrease articular cartilage wear减少关节软骨磨损 F. Make joint spaces more congruent填充关节间隙 G. Prevent hyperextension防止过伸 The meniscus actually wraps around the upper bone to fill the space between the round femur and the flat tibia. Knee: Meniscus Meniscus Crescent-shaped fibrocartilage半月形纤维软骨 Collagen fibers arranged longitudinally and radially胶原纤维成经向放射装 Triangular in cross section横截面呈三角形 Knee Menis