Drugs affecting blood and blood-forming organs（作用于血液课件.ppt

Urokinase(尿激酶, UK)? 1. Effect: Plasminogen activator, t1/2=15 min; 2. Clinical use: Severe pulmonary emboli, and deep vein thrombosis. 3. Adverse reaction: (1)systemic fibrinolytic state, (2)bleeding. Fibrinolytic drugs 精品文档 Streptokinase(链激酶, SK) 1. Pharmacological effect: plasminogen(纤溶酶原) activator, t1/2 = 23 min; 2. Clinical Use: Severe pulmonary emboli, and deep vein thrombosis 3. Adverse reaction: Systemic fibrinolytic state which can lead to bleeding problems(5%); Antigenicity——allergy. Fibrinolytic drugs 精品文档 Anistreplase(阿尼普酶) It is a streptokinase-plasminogen complex, in which lys-plasminogen is acylated at its catalyicsite serine. The acyl group is hydrolyzed in vivo, allowing the complex to bind to fibrin prior to activation, and this modification confers some specificity toward clots on the fibrinolytic process. It is used coronary thrombolysis also. Fibrinolytic drugs 精品文档 Adverse effects The thrombolytic agents do not distinguish between the fibrin of an unwanted thrombus and the fibrin of a beneficial hemostatic plug. Hemorrhage is a major side effect. Antidotes: fibrinolytic inhibitors (PAMBA氨甲苯酸, AMCHA氨甲环酸) 精品文档 精品文档 Part 4. Hemostatic drugs (Haemostats, 促凝血药, 止血药) Vitamin K 1. Carboxylation of the glutamic acid residues of II, VII, IX, X, protein C. 2. To prevent bleeding with vitamin K deficiency. 3. Response to vitamin K is slow, the severe hemostasis patients should be infused with fresh plasma imme-diately. 精品文档 Thrombin-like agents (凝血酶制剂) Thrombin(凝血酶, factor Ⅱ) Prothrombin complex(凝血酶原复合物, factor Ⅱ、Ⅶ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ) used for various bleeding. Globulin anti-hemophilia (factor Ⅷ, 抗血友病球蛋白) used for treatment for hemophilia. Haemostats 精品文档 Drugs preventing activation of antifibrinolytics aprotinin (抑肽酶） tranexamic acid (AMCHA, 氨甲环酸) p-aminomethylbenzoic acide (PAMBA, 氨甲苯酸） used for preventing the activation f