电子信息工程专业英语翻译清华出版社English_for_IT_and_EE-02.ppt

Technical English For Information Science and Electronic Engineering Unit 2 Integrated Circuits Part I The Integrated Circuit 3 New Words transistor 晶体管 topology拓扑，布局 flip-flop触发器，双稳态多谐振荡器 die印模，模子 silicon 硅 valve阀 phosphorous 磷的 insulate绝缘，隔离 bipolar 有两极的，双极的 doping掺杂(质) base基极 germanium锗 emitter发射极 boron硼 drain漏极 field-effect场效应 diode二极管 collector集电极 slab厚片，板层 gate栅极 4 New Words source源极 ceramic陶瓷 protrude突出 complementary互补的，补充的 solder焊接，焊料 5 1 Digital logic and electronic circuits derive their functionality from electronic switches called transistor. Roughly speaking, the transistor can be likened to an electronically controlled valve whereby energy applied to one connection of the valve enables energy to flow between two other connections.1 由称为晶体管的电子开关得到它们的（各种）功能 粗略地说，晶体管好似一种电子控制阀，由此加在阀一端的能量可以使能量在另外两个连接端之间流动。 6 1 By combining multiple transistors, digital logic building blocks such as AND gates and flip-flops are formed. Transistors, in turn, are made from semiconductors. Consult a periodic table of elements in a college chemistry textbook, and you will locate semiconductors as a group of elements separating the metals and nonmetals.2 查阅大学化学书中的元素周期表，你会查到半导体是介于金属与非金属之间的一类元素。 7 1 They are called semiconductors because of their ability to behave as both metals and nonmetals. A semiconductor can be made to conduct electricity like a metal or to insulate as a nonmetal does. These differing electrical properties can be accurately controlled by mixing the semiconductor with small amounts of other elements. 可使半导体像金属那样导电，或者像非金属那样绝缘。 8 1 This mixing is called doping. A semiconductor can be doped to contain more electrons (N-type) or fewer electrons (P-type). Examples of commonly used semiconductors are silicon and germanium. Phosphorous and boron are two elements that are used to dope N-type and P-type silicon, respectively.3 N型硅半导体掺入磷元素，而P型硅半导体掺入硼元素。 9 2 A transistor is constructed by creating a sandwich of differently doped semiconductor layers. The two most com