高中英语人教版选修8Unit3InventorsandinventionsGrammar教案（系列三）.docVIP

选修八 Unit3 Inventors and inventions Period3 Grammar 过去分词用做定语 概念：过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,表示完成和被动的动作。它在句子中可以充当表语、定语等成份。下面仅谈其作定语和表语的用法。　　一、过去分词作定语　　过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况。 　　1、前置定语　　单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之前,表示被动和完成意义。　　A类:被动意义:　　an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人　　The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.　　受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料。　　B类:完成意义:　　a retired teacher 一位退休的教师　　They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.　　他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。　　2、后置定语　　过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。如:　　This will be the best novel of its kind ever written (=that has ever been written).　　这将是这类小说中写得最好的。　　Who were the so-called guests invited (=who had been invited) to your party last night?　　昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀?　　二、过去分词作表语　　作表语的过去分词主要来自及物动词,在主-系-表句型中,说明主语所处的一种状态。其中系动词有包括be在内的多种形式。如:　　You seem frightened.　　你看样子受了惊吓。　　少数不及物动词(如go, come, set)的过去分词也能作表语,但它们不表示被动意义,只是表示动作完成。如:　　They are gone for vacation.　　他们度假去了。　　注意:要区别“系动词+过去分词(系表结构)” 和 “系动词+过去分词(被动语态)”。如:　　A. The library is now closed.　　图书馆现在关门了。　　B. The library is closed at six.　　图书馆经常在六点钟关门。　　说明:作表语用的过去分词表示主语的特点或所处的状态,强调主谓关系。这种结构中的过去分词前可加quite, very, rather等修饰词。系动词可有多种,表示不同的意义;被动语态表示动作,强调动宾关系,绝大多数被动结构中的行为执行者还可以用by短语来表示。因此,我们不难看出在上面两句中,A句是系表结构,B句是被动语态。 当堂导练： 从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. Most of the artists _____ to the party were from South Africa. (MET 1990) A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited 2. The computer center, _____last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A.open B.opening C. having opened D. opened 3. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _____ by the hour.(NMET 1998) A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay 4.—How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? —The key _____ the problem is to meet the demand _____ by the customers. (北京2002) A. to solving; making B. to solving; made C. to solve; making D. to solve; made 5. Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases _____ only to people with specific knowledg