简评宗教对文学影响以红字为例 试论-.doc

. 页 A Brief Approach to the Influence of the Religion on Literature: Taking The Scarlet Letter as an Example By Wang Ning A Thesis Presented to School of Humanities and Management, Gaoxin Xi’an University of In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Bachelor of Arts Thesis Supervisor: Qin Sheng December 2012 页 Abstract Nathaniel Hawthorne is one of the most outstanding American romanticists in the nineteenth century as well as one of the founders of American literature. As for his masterpiece, The Scarlet Letter is generally regarded as the highest achievement in his literary career. The paper aims to illustrate the influence of Puritanism on literature and conducts a detailed study Nathaniel Hawthorne’s religious idea reflected in The Scarlet Letter. Through archetypal analysis and psychological portrayal of the characters, this paper attempts to prove that the three main characters are full of conflicting thoughts. The characterization of them represents many conflicting Biblical archetypes, and these archetypes reflect Hawthorne’s attitudes towards both the good and evil sides of Puritanism. The deep analysis of the religious ideas of Hawthorne is made to reveal the real reasons for the conflicts. On the one hand, being influenced by his ancestors and affected by the social surroundings, Hawthorne inevitably has some puritanical traits; on the other hand, he disagrees with the Puritan theocracy and condemns it severely. Therefore he is a puritan who rebels against Puritanism. Key Words: Hawthorne; The Scarlet Letter; Religious ideas 页 摘 要 霍桑是19世纪美国最杰出的浪漫主义作家之一,也是美国文学的奠基人之一。《红字》是他的代表作，同时也被认为代表了霍桑最高文学成就。本文是为了说明清教主义对文学的影响,同时研究霍桑宗教主义思想在《红字》中的体现。 本文通过原型批评和人物心理分析的方法揭示了霍桑在塑造《红字》中三位主角时自身存在的矛盾的思想。霍桑在塑造三位主人公时运用了圣经中的一些原型理论，这些原型的运用反映了他对清教中的善与恶的不同态度。而霍桑本人复杂的宗教思想则是造成这些矛盾的根源：一方面，受到先祖和社会环境影响，他具有一些清教徒特有的特征：另一方面，他不赞同清教中的神权政治思想，并给以严厉批评，因此他既是一个清教徒又是一个反清教主义者。 关键词：霍桑；《红字》；宗教思想