《chapter02StructureandPropertiesofOrganicMole》-课件设计（公开）.ppt

Nonpolar Solute withNonpolar Solvent Nonpolar Solute with Polar Solvent Classes of Compounds Classification based on functional group Three broad classes Hydrocarbons Compounds containing oxygen Compounds containing nitrogen  Hydrocarbons Alkane: single bonds, sp3 carbons Cycloalkane: carbons form a ring Alkene: double bond, sp2 carbons Cycloalkene: double bond in ring Alkyne: triple bond, sp carbons Aromatic: contains a benzene ring  Compounds Containing Oxygen Alcohol: R-OH Ether: R-O-R Aldehyde: RCHO Ketone: RCOR Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives Carboxylic Acid: RCOOH Acid Chloride: RCOCl Ester: RCOOR Amide: RCONH2 Compounds Containing Nitrogen Amines: RNH2, RNHR, or R3N Amides: RCONH2, RCONHR, RCONR2 Nitrile: RCN End of Chapter 2 Chapter 2Structure and Propertiesof Organic Molecules Organic Chemistry, 6th EditionL. G. Wade, Jr. Yunfeng Chen School of Chemical Engineering Pharmacy chyfch@ Wave Properties of Electrons Standing wave vibrates in fixed location. Wave function, ?, mathematical description of size, shape, orientation Amplitude may be positive or negative Node: amplitude is zero + _ + - Wave Interactions Linear combination of atomic orbitals between different atoms is bond formation on the same atom is hybridization. Conservation of orbitals Waves that are in phase add together.Amplitude increases. Waves that are out of phase cancel out.  Sigma Bonding Electron density lies between the nuclei. A bond may be formed by s-s, p-p, s-p, or hybridized orbital overlaps. The bonding MO is lower in energy than the original atomic orbitals. The antibonding MO is higher in energy than the atomic orbitals.  H2: s-s overlap Cl2: p-p overlap Constructive overlap along the same axis forms a sigma bond. HCl: s-p overlap Question: Draw the predicted shape for the bonding molecular orbital and the antibonding molecular orbital of the HCl molecule. Pi Bonding Pi bonds form after sigma bonds. Sideways overlap of parallel p