2017-2018年优秀--经济学院--吕新如-新常态下经济增长和产业结构.DOC

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT9 产业结构转型升级对大学生就业的影响 项目名称： 新常态下经济增长和产业结构变迁对大学生就业的影响 项目类型： 重点项目 项目年度： 2017年 项目负责人： 吕新如（学号：32016030036） 所在学院： 经济学院 专业（方向）： 经济学 项目成员： 吕新如，岳仕凡，李煜珂，李琦洋 指导教师： 陆明涛 二〇一七年 摘要 随着我国产业发展进入经济新常态，经济增长速度由原来的高速增长转为中高速增长，经济结构不断优化升级，经济增长方式由要素驱动和投资驱动向创新驱动转变。伴随着经济增长方式的变化，我国产业结构重心也呈现出由第一产业转向第二产业，逐步过渡到第三产业的阶梯状的变化。自1999年我国高校扩招开始，高等教育由“精英教育”逐步转变为“大众教育”，全国各高校每年向就业市场输出大量大学毕业生，大学生面临着严峻的就业问题。配合和促进产业结构优化升级，三次产业对于就业人员的数量和就业人员的结构的需求也发生了显著的变化。产业结构不断转型升级，企业生产效率提高，同时生产方式和运作方式也发生的相应的变化，由劳动力密集型向资本密集型和知识密集型转变，在对就业人员的需求上的变化就是对于普通劳动力的需求减少以及对于掌握高新技术的人才的需求的大幅增加。这使得大学毕业生不仅要面对就业市场众多毕业生共同竞争的压力，还要应对产业结构转型升级所造成的对就业人员需求的转变。因此大学生应结合时代的发展，提前做好职业规划和人力资本的积累。 关键词：产业结构、就业结构、大学生、就业 Abstract As Chinas industrial development has entered the new normal economic growth, the economic growth rate has changed from the original high speed growth to the middle high growth, and the economic structure has been constantly optimized and upgraded, and the mode of economic growth has changed from factor driven and investment driven to innovation driven. Along with the change of the mode of economic growth, the focus of our industrial structure also presents a ladder change from the primary industry to the secondary industry, and gradually to the third industry. Since the enrollment expansion of universities in China in recent 199 years, higher education has been transformed from elite education to mass education. All universities in the country output a large number of university graduates to the job market every year, and college students are facing severe employment problems. In conjunction with and promoting the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure, the demand for the number of employment personnel and the structure of the employment personnel in the three industry has also changed significantly. Continue to upgrade the industrial structure, improve production efficiency, and change the mode of production and operation has the corresponding change from labor intensive to capita