电气安先全培训.ppt

* Extension cords may have damaged insulation. Sometimes the insulation inside an electrical tool or appliance is damaged. When insulation is damaged, exposed metal parts may become energized if a live wire inside touches them. Electric hand tools that are old, damaged, or misused may have damaged insulation inside. If you touch damaged power tools or other equipment, you will receive a shock. You are more likely to receive a shock if the tool is not grounded or double-insulated. * If the circuit breakers or fuses are too big (high current rating) for the wires they are supposed to protect, an overload in the circuit will not be detected and the current will not be shut off. A circuit with improper overcurrent protection devices – or one with no overcurrent protection devices at all – is a hazard. * Personal protective equipment (PPE) should always be the last line of defense against a hazard. If the hazard is unavoidable, and cannot be addressed in any other safe manner, then employees must be fitted with proper PPE. Safety shoes should be nonconductive and protect your feet from completing an electrical circuit to ground. They can also protect against open circuits of up to 600 volts in dry conditions. These shoes should be used with other insulating equipment and in connection with active precautions to reduce or eliminate the potential for providing a path for hazardous electrical energy. When it is necessary to handle or come close to wires with a potential live electrical charge, it is essential to use proper insulating PPE to protect employees from contact with the hazardous electrical energy. Specific types of hard hats are needed when performing electrical work. A “Class B” Electrical/Utility type hard hat protects against falling objects and high-voltage shock and burns. ②电 伤 电伤是由电流的生物学效应（电光眼：表现为角膜炎或结膜炎）、热效应（电流灼伤和电弧烧伤、电烙印）、化学效应（皮肤金属化：电弧高温的作用下，金属熔化、汽化，金属微粒渗入皮肤，使皮肤粗糙而张紧所造成的伤害）、机械效应（神经反射和肌肉强烈收缩等作用导致机体组织断裂、骨折）等对人造成的伤害。 触电事故中，尽管大约85%以上的死亡事故是电击造成的