从“大礼议”看明代内阁的演变-专门史专业论文.docxVIP

中文摘要 明朝中央权力结构的一个显著特点是内阁制度的建立。内阁的政治活动构成 了明代政治史上的重要课题，内阁对于明代政治、军事、经济、文化等各个方面 都产生了深刻的影响。正嘉之际，武宗突然驾崩，帝位空悬，内阁在迎立新君、 清除奸佞、稳定政局等方面立下了汗马功劳，在朝廷中树立了较高的威望。新君 即位，在推崇生父的问题上与内阁发生冲突，于是演化为明代中期的重要政治事 件——大礼议之争，这场表面上看是皇帝与阁臣之间关于皇族家庭礼仪的争论， 实质上隐含着皇帝意志与内阁意志的较量，内阁希望把皇帝约束在祖宗法制的范 围之内，试图维护以祖宗法制与皇帝共治天下的局面。而在“大礼议”中，内阁 的这一理想模式宣告破产，内阁不具备约束皇权的力量，皇权越来越高于一切， 内阁演变为实现皇帝个人意志的工具，皇帝利用内阁控制六部。而“大礼议”之 争就完成了皇权与阁权的这种变动。本文以“大礼议”为切入点，试图考察明代 内阁制度的演变。 关键词：大礼议 内阁 皇权 Abstract Ming Dynasty, the central power structure is characterized by a prominent cabinet system of establishment. The political activity of cabinet constituted the important issue on the political Ming Dynasty history, the cabinets all produced deep influence to Ming Dynastys each aspects, such as politics, military, economy and cultural. Zhengde and Jiajing period, Wu Zong suddenly passes away, the throne is empty to hang, the cabinet signs in the aspects of facing to sign a new emperor , clearance yes-men, stabilizing political situation waiting under contribution, set up high prestige in government court . New emperor ascends the throne and conflicts with cabinet in worshiping the problem of natural father, hence evolves into Ming Dynasty middles important political affairs ——The Great Ritual Controversy. This superficially sees is the issue concerning emperor clan family rite of emperor and cabinet minister. Substantially implicit contesting of emperor will and cabinet will, the cabinet hopes to chase emperor stipulation in the scope of ancestor legal system inside, try a maintenance to cure the situation of world with the emperor by ancestor legal system. But in“The Great Ritual Controversy ”, the ideal mode of cabinet announces a bankruptcy, the cabinet doesnt have the strength of controlling emperors power, emperors power is more and more high than everything. The cabinet turns into the tool that carries out emperor personal will, and the emperor makes use of cabinet to control LiuBu. “ The Great Ritual Controversy ” completed the f