智能小车结题报告.docVIP

PAGE 4 电子电路设计课程综合实训结题报告 实训项目：??? 电动智能小车 ? ?? 实训地点：? ??单片机实验室? ? 指导老师：??? 施智雄 专业班级： 09电气工程及其自动化 ???? 学生姓名： 廖 强 ? 邱 佳 陈 波 西昌学院： 工程技术学院 2012年11月8日 目 录 摘要 一、设计准备 1实训目的··························5 2实训日期··························5 3实训地点··························5 4技能训练··························5 5实训进程··························5 6方案验证 （1）循迹方案选择······················6 电动机的选择······················6 （3）电动机驱动方案·····················6 (4)、路程检测方案的选择····················7 （5）避障方案选择······················8 （6）供电方案选择······················8 （7）控制核心CPU选择····················9 二、硬件设计 1．CP中央处理器的设计····················11 2．寻迹、避障检测设计与实现寻迹应用·············11 3．电动机驱动电路设计与实现·················14 4．电源部分的设计······················16 三、软件设计 1、设计原理·························16 2、设计流程图························16 3、设计程序 ························17 实训心得与感受·····················19 设计总体电路图·····················20 实物图片附录······················21 摘要：本次智能小车，采用AT89C52最小系统，以TCRT5000红外线反射式开关传感器，作为小车寻黑白线 、避障，同时使用L293D为连接AT89C52最小系统的串口。寻迹：光线照射到路面并反射，由于黑线和白纸对光的反射系数不同，可以根据接收到的反射光强弱来判断是否是黑线。利用这个原理，可以控制小车行走的路迹。避障：采用该有交流分量的调制信号，则可大幅度减少外界干扰；另外红外线接受官的最大工作电流取决于平均电流。如果采用占空比小的调制信号，再品均电流不变的情况下，顺势电流很大（50~100mA），则大大提高了信噪比。并且其反应灵敏，电路也很简单。 Abstract: the intelligent car, using the minimum system of AT89C52, TCRT5000 infrared reflection-type sensor switch, as the car seek black and white line, obstacle avoidance, while using L293D to connect AT89C52 minimum system serial. Tracing: light is irradiated to the pavement and reflection, the black and white to light reflection coefficient is different, can according to the received reflected light intensity to decide whether it is black. Using this principle, can control the car walking trails. Obstacle avoidance: the AC component of the modulation signal, can greatly reduce the interference; and the infrared receiving officers maximum current depends on the average current. If the duty cycle of sm