专专十二 被动语态.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 1专题十二 被动语态语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的发出者；被动语态表示主语是动作的接受者。（汉语中常用“被”“由”来表示，英语中则用动词的被动语态形式来表示。）如：The cat caught the mouse. The mouse is caught by the cat.一、被动语态的构成形式1、被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词有人称，数和时态的变化，变化规则和be作为连系动词时完全一样，过去分词则永远不变。以ask为例说明：一般现在时 am/ are / is asked 一般过去时 was/ were asked 一般将来时 shall /will be asked 现在进行时 am/ are/ is being asked 现在完成时 have/ has been asked 过去进行时 was/ were being asked 过去将来时 should/ would be asked 过去完成时 had been asked 带情态动词的被动语态 情态动词+ be+ asked带有不定式的被动语态 to be + asked: He doesn’t want to be asked.他不想被提问。被动语态的疑问句是将肯定句中的第一个助动词移到主语之前，否定句是在第一个助动词后面加not。如： 肯定句：They are made in China. 疑问句：Are they made in China? 否定句：They are not made in China.2、短动词的被动语态短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。My sister will be taken care of by Grandma.Such a thing has never been heard of before.3、Get+done构成的被动语态Get常与marry, beat, hurt, pay, dress等动词的过去分词连用，构成被动语态，表示 “最后、终于”等含义。如：They get paid the hour.他们按小时拿了工资。They got married last year.他们去年结婚了。二、被动语态的用法1.不知道谁是动作的执行者时，要用被动语态。2.没有必要或不愿意指出谁是动作执行者时，用被动语态。3.强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态。注意：不及物动词不能用于被动语态，表示状态而不是动作的及物动词也不能用被动语态。如：Children sleep soundly. (sleep是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态) They have a new house.?4、表示据说或相信 的词组believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand ?? It is said that…　　 据说　　 ?? It is reported that… 据报道　　　? ?? It is believed that…　大家相信　　　　　 ?? It is hoped that…　大家希望 ?? It is well known that… 众所周知　　 ?? It is thought that…　大家认为 ?? It is suggested that…　据建议　　　　　 ?? It is taken granted that…　 被视为当然　 ?? It has been decided that… 大家决定　　? ?? It must be remember that…务必记住的是 ?? It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday. 三、主动语态变被动语态1、“主+谓+宾”句型变被动结构时 主动结构→被动结构变化说明宾语→主语人称代词宾格变主格主动谓语→被动谓语……主语→by+宾语人称代词主格变宾格如：She is typing a report.她在打一份报告A report is being typed by her.?如宾语是一that从句，变为被动结构时可用it作被动句的形式宾语：They know that he is a an expert.他们认为他是一位专家。It is known that he is an expert.人们认为他是一位