Linking global and local approaches to agricultural technology 连接全球与当地的农业技术的方法.docVIP

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Linking global and local approaches to agricultural technology 连接全球与当地的农业技术的方法.doc

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Linking global and local approaches to agricultural technology 连接全球与当地的农业技术的方法

Linking Global and Local Approaches to Agricultural Technology Development: Plant Breeding Research in the CGIAR Mauricio R. Bellon and Michael L. Morris Economics Program International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) El Batán, Mexico Last revised: 11/08/2001 Prepared for presentation at the 2001 Open Meeting of the Human Dimensions of Global Environmental Change Research Community October 6-8, 2001, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Introduction Modern crop varieties developed by international agricultural research centers supported by the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) played a leading role in launching the so-called Green Revolution in world agriculture. Traditionally, CGIAR plant breeding efforts have been based on a centralized global research model under which CGIAR breeders collect germplasm from many different sources, evaluate this germplasm under carefully controlled experimental conditions, and make crosses among superior materials. The best progeny from these crosses are then distributed to collaborators in national agricultural research systems (NARSs) for testing. In return for doing the testing, the collaborators are free to use the materials in their own breeding programs. The international breeding system has been very successful, not only because it has enabled CGIAR breeders to draw on diverse sources of germplasm in developing materials capable of performing well under a wide range of environmental conditions, but also because it has provided an effective mechanism for distributing the best of these improved materials to breeding programs all over the world. Since the first modern varieties (MVs) were released during the late 1960s and early 1970s, the area planted to MVs has continued to expand. This expansion has resulted from growth in the area planted to MVs of the original CGIAR mandate crops, as well as from the broadening of the CGIAR mandate to include many non-cereal species, including roots and tu