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22 Electric Potential22电动势.ppt

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22 Electric Potential22电动势

22. Electric Potential Topics Recap: Potential Energy Electric Potential Difference The Volt and the Electronvolt The Potential of a Point Charge Potential Difference from Superposition Electric Field from Electric Potential Charged Conductors Recap: Potential Energy Recap: Potential Energy Electric Potential Difference Electric Potential Difference Electric Potential Difference The Volt and the Electronvolt The Volt and the Electronvolt Some Electric Potential Differences Between arm and leg 1 mV Across cell membrane 80 mV Car battery 12 V Electric outlet 100 – 240 V Between power line and ground 365 kV Between base of thundercloud 100 MV and ground The Volt and the Electronvolt For molecular and atomic systems, it is usually more convenient to measure energy in electronvolts (eV). (This is not an SI unit!) One electronvolt is the energy gained by a particle carrying one elementary charge when it moves through a potential difference of 1 volt. Example: the ionization energy of hydrogen is 13.6 eV. Since the value of an elementary charge is 1.6 x 10-19 C, 1 eV is 1.6 x 10-19 J Example: A Power Line Example: A Power Line Potential of a Point Charge The Potential of a Point Charge The Potential of a Point Charge The Potential of a Point Charge The Potential of a Point Charge Potential Differences using Superposition Electric Potential of a Collection of Charges Electric Potential for a Charge Distribution Example – A Charged Ring Example – A Charged Disk Example – A Charged Disk Example – A Charged Disk Equipotentials If one draws a surface through all points with the same potential, one obtains an equipotential. Here, for example, are some equipotentials for a dipole Electric Field from Electric Potential Electric Field fromElectric Potential Example – Field of A Charged Disk Charged Conductors Charged Conductors Dielectric Breakdown of Air near Conductors Dielectric Breakdown of Air near Conductors Summary Electric po