肠道感染病毒课件_3.pptVIP

问题 肠道病毒有哪些？是不是肠道感染的所有病毒都称为肠道病毒？ 简要说明肠道病毒的特性 脊髓灰质炎病毒的传播途径、致病机制是什么？如何预防脊灰？ B组柯萨奇病毒的致病有何特点？ ECHO病毒、轮状病毒、杯状病毒、小圆结构病毒分别与哪些疾病有关？ Groups and Serotypes Picornaviridae（小RNA病毒科） At least 71 serotypes, divided into 4 subgroups Polioviruses （脊髓灰质炎病毒） Coxsackie viruses（柯萨奇病毒） Echoviruses（埃可病毒） New enteroviruses（新肠道病毒） more recently, new enteroviruses subtype have been allocated sequential numbers (68-71)) Enteroviruses Serotypes Morphology 27nm, icosahedral symmetry, no envelope 肠道病毒的特点 小球形病毒（~ 30 nm），无包膜 核酸为+ssRNA，有感染性 衣壳有VP1—VP4四种蛋白，VP1—VP3分布在表面，VP4与内部RNA结合 耐酸耐乙醚，但鼻病毒除外 在胞浆增殖，有明显CPE，破胞释放 引起多种疾病：麻痹性疾病、无菌性脑膜炎、心肌损伤、腹泻、皮疹等 Poliovirus-脊髓灰质炎病毒 中和试验可分3个血清型，3型间有部分共同抗原 核酸有36-52%同源性 人类是唯一的易感宿主 在猴肾、人胚肾等细胞可增殖，表现为细胞变圆、坏死、脱落等典型溶细胞CPE 在猴、猩猩等灵长类动物敏感，在神经系统感染，导致肢体麻痹 Transmission Fecal – oral route (粪－口途径) via hands and objects via food and water Perhaps the first written record of a virus infection consists of a heiroglyph from Memphis, drawn in approximately 1400BC, which depicts a temple priest called Siptah showing typical clinical signs of paralytic poliomyelitis Franklin D. Roosevelt Born in 1882 at Hyde Park, New York--now a national historic site--he attended Harvard University and Columbia Law School. On St. Patricks Day, 1905, he married Eleanor Roosevelt. Following the example of his fifth cousin, President Theodore Roosevelt, whom he greatly admired, Franklin D. Roosevelt entered public service through politics, but as a Democrat. He won election to the New York Senate in 1910. President Wilson appointed him Assistant Secretary of the Navy, and he was the Democratic nominee for Vice President in 1920. In the summer of 1921, when he was 39, disaster hit-he was stricken with poliomyelitis. Demonstrating indomitable courage, he fought to regain the use of his legs, particularly through swimming. At the 1924 Democratic Convention he dramatically appeared on crutches to nominate Alfred E. Smith as the Happy Warrior. In 1928 Roosevelt became Governor of New York. He was e