The Molecular Turing Machine Faculty of Mathematics 分子图灵数学系.pptVIP

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The Molecular Turing Machine Faculty of Mathematics 分子图灵数学系.ppt

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The Molecular Turing Machine Faculty of Mathematics 分子图灵数学系

A Mechanical Turing Machine:Blueprint for a Biomolecular Computer Udi Shapiro Ehud Shapiro Medicine in 2050 Medicine in 2050: “Doctor in a Cell” A genetically modified cell that can operate in the human body with an intra-cellular computer that receives input from signal transduction pathways and, based on its program, produces output to protein synthesis and secretion pathways effecting any desired molecular medical treatment Possible types of molecular output Drugs (proteins and small molecules) synthesized on-command by the cell Stress signals detectable by external devices Encoded “status report” messages decipherable by external devices Possible types of molecular treatment Simple stimulus-response Output multiple drugs based on multiple signals and a decision procedure Feedback-controlled drug output (titration, negative control) Any repetitive, programmable combination of the above Possible types of “cellular doctors” “Generalists” that circulate in the blood and lymphatic vessels “Specialists” that reside in specific organs (heart, liver, kidney, bone marrow) All use the same intra-cellular computer, each with different “software” A design for an intra-cellular computer should be Implementable from biomolecules (biopolymers) that utilize standard operations of biomolecular machines (polymer cleavage, ligation, elongation, movement along a polymer, control via allosteric conformational changes), and can sense biomolecular input, and synthesize biomolecular output Logical Design for an Intra-Cellular Computer 1900 Hilbert Posed a Problem 23rd: Find a method for deciding the truth or falsity of any statement of predicate calculus (decision procedure) Part of larger program to establish all of mathematics on solid formal foundation, by proving every mathematical theorem mechanically from “first principles” (first order logic and elementary set theory) 1936 Turing had an answer... Hilbert’s 23rd problem has no solution, i.e., there is no such proced