TEN ELEMENTS OF SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM符号互动论的个要素.pptVIP

REFLEXIVITY Researchers are part of the social world that they are researching This social world is an already interpreted world by the actors Researchers bring their own biographies to the research situation Researchers should acknowledge and disclose themselves in the research, seeking to understand their part in, or influence on, the research OBSERVER ROLES OUTSIDER INSIDER ?????????????????????? Detached Observer Observer as participant Participant as observer Complete participant SOME DIFFICULTIES IN QUALITATIVE RESEARCH Definition of the situation Reactivity Halo effect Implicit conservatism Focusing on the familiar Open-endedness/diversity Neglect of wider social contexts and constraints Generalizability Writing up multiple realities Ownership of the data Tacit - implied * people behave based on what they believe and not just on what is objectively true. Thus, society is thought to be socially constructed through human interpretation. People interpret one another’s behavior and it is these interpretations that form the social bond. These interpretations are called the “definition of the situation.” For example, why would young people smoke cigarettes even when all objective medical evidence points to the dangers of doing so? The answer is in the definition of the situation that people create. Studies find that teenagers are well informed about the risks of tobacco, but they also think that smoking is cool, that they themselves will be safe from harm, and that smoking projects a positive image to their peers. So, the symbolic meaning of smoking overrides the facts * Ideology critique is based on the belief that those in power positions are there at the expense of those they have disempowered; participatory research paticipatory action research are based on engaging in and empowering individuals in a community that may be marginalized or subordinate; feminst theory is based on the idea of while male