SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIATION AND CATALYTIC 的合成，表征及催化性能.docVIP

STUDIES ON THE CHARACTERIZATION AND REACTIVITY OF SUPPORTED PALLADIUM CATALYSTS FOR HYDROGENATION AND REDUCTIVE AMINATION OF PHENOL ABSTRACT SUBMITTED TO OSMANIA UNIVERSITY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN CHEMISTRY BY D. NARESH CATALYSIS DIVISION INDIAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY HYDERABAD-500 007 2007 STUDIES ON THE CHARACTERIZATION AND REACTIVITY OF SUPPORTED PALLADIUM CATALYSTS FOR HYDROGENATION AND REDUCTIVE AMINATION OF PHENOL Introduction: Precious metals (Pt, Pd, Au, Rh) are important materials that have been found many applications in the chemical industry. Palladium is perhaps the most studied catalytic systems because palladium is the most promising metal for the high activity. For example, supported palladium catalysts are used in industry for the hydrogenation reactions, automotive exhaust catalyst, methanol decomposition, combustion of methane, methane steam reforming, partial oxidation of methanol and methane, deNOx reactions, CO oxidation and hydrogenation, oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones, hydrodechlorination of halogenated compounds, condensation of aldehydes, synthesis of aniline from phenol etc,. And also the zeolite supported palladium catalysts are widely used in the shape selective and enantio selective reactions. With most catalyzed reactions the combined chemical properties of the active phase and support bring about the catalytic functionality. But even when support material only serves as a vehicle for keeping the catalytically active species supported, these species have to interact some degree and in some way with the support. And due to these interactions, which nature still often unknown, the catalytic performance strongly depends on a complex mix-up of contributions of the morphology and dispersion of active particles and, with metal catalysts, with the electronic properties of the metal. In the field of fine chemicals synthesis, palladium is arguably the most versatile and the most widely ap