瓜苗厉眼蕈蚊生物学特性及发生规律研究.docVIP

瓜苗厉眼蕈蚊生物学特性及发生规律研究 摘要：为了更好地预防设施农业中瓜苗厉眼蕈蚊（Lycoriella pleuroti）的发生，在人工植物培养箱内观察瓜苗厉眼蕈蚊各生长发育期的历期和生物学特性，并调查其在瓜苗温室大棚内的全年消长曲线。结果表明，瓜苗厉眼蕈蚊在13～21 ℃时能正常发育和繁殖。卵期3～7 d，幼虫期一般为11～14 d，蛹期2～7 d，成虫寿命短，一般3～5 d，产卵完毕后雌虫死亡。低龄幼虫取食腐殖质或种苗根芽，长大后主要蛀食种苗地上部分根茎。全年以3～4月成虫发生量最大，其次是12月至次年1月，砧木西葫芦苗极易遭受幼虫的侵害。高温及干燥均不利于该虫的发生与为害。关键词：瓜苗厉眼蕈蚊（Lycoriella pleuroti）；生物学特性；发生规律中图分类号：S436.5 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2012）23-5366-03Study on the Biological Characteristics and Occurrence Regularity of Lycoriella pleurotiPENG Jin-guang1，SUN Yu-hong1，ZHOU Mo-bing1，CHENG Wei-shun1，WANG Ping1，DOU Bao-qi2，YANG Pei2，CAI Wan-lun3，LI Jie3，HUA Hong-xia3（1. Wuhan Institute of Agricultural Science， Wuhan 430345，China； 2. Dongxihu Agricultural Institute of Wuhan， Wuhan 430040， China； 3. College of Plant Science and Technology，Huazhong Agricultural University， Wuhan 430070， China）Abstract： For better prevention of Lycoriella pleuroti， the developmental duration and biological characteristics of L. pleuroti were observed in artificial incubator； and its annual occurrence regularity was investigated in greenhouse. The results showed that L. pleuroti could grow and regroduct at 13～21℃. The developmental duration of L. pleuroti adult， oviposition， larval and pupa was 3～5 d， 3～7 d， 11～14 d and 2～7 d respectively. The young larvae fed on culture humus or melon sprouts； the older larvae could feed on stems and leafs. The number of L. pleuroti adults was the largest from March to April， and followed by from December to January in the next year. Pumpkin seedlings could be easily damaged by larvae. High temperature and dry could hamper the occurrence of the pest.Key words： Lycoriella pleuroti； biological characteristics； occurrence regularity瓜苗厉眼蕈蚊（Lycoriella pleuroti Yang et Zhang）属于双翅目（Diptera）长角亚目（Nematocera）眼蕈蚊科（Sciaridae）昆虫[1]，其幼虫喜食腐殖质，原是栽培食用菌的重要???虫。该虫在食用菌栽培中的发生、为害与防治已有不少研究[2，3]。近年来发现该害虫幼虫为害西瓜嫁接苗等种苗的嫩根、嫩茎及叶片，引起种苗成片倒伏、枯死，被害株率有时高达60%～80%，已成为温室大棚中瓜苗、花卉等种苗毁灭性的新害虫。为了有效控制瓜苗厉眼蕈蚊在设施农业中对种苗的严重为害，于2010～2012年对其生物学特性进行了系统研究，现报道如下。1 材料与方法1.1 材料与