金融学文翻译.docVIP

目 录 外文文献 1 1. Introduction 1 2. Games and game theory 2 3. Theories of social preferences 3 4. Why do game experiments? And which games? 3 5. Conclusions 4 中文翻译 4 1.摘要 4 2.博弈和博弈论 5 3.社会偏好理论 6 4.为什么用博弈做实验？用什么博弈？ 6 5. 结论 6 外文文献 Measuring Social Norms and Preferences using Experimental Games: A Guide for Social Scientists Colin F. Camerer and Ernst Fehr 1. Introduction The purpose of this chapter is to describe a menu of experimental games that are useful for measuring aspects of social norms and social preferences. Economists use the term “preferences” to refer to the choices people make, and particularly to tradeoffs between different collections (“bundles”) of things they value—food, money, time, prestige, and so forth. “Social preferences” refer to how people rank different allocations of material payoffs to themselves and others. Self-interested individuals care only about their own material payoffs. The past two decades of experimental research have shown, however, that a substantial fraction of people in developed countries (typically college students) also care about the payoffs of others. In some situations, many people are willing to spend resources to reduce the payoff of others. In other situations, the same people spend resources to increase the payoff of others. As we will see, the willingness to reduce or increase the payoff of relevant reference actors exists even though people reap neither present nor future material rewards from reducing or increasing payoffs of others. This indicates that, in addition to self-interested behavior, people sometimes behave as if they have altruistic preferences, and preferences for equality and reciprocity.1 Reciprocity, as we define it here, is different from the notion of reciprocal altruism in evolutionary biology. Reciprocity means that people are willing to reward friendly actions and to punish hostile actionsalthough the reward or punishment causes a net reduction in the material payoff of those who reward or pun