论文 宣纸与中国书画表现力.docVIP

宣纸与中国书画的表现力 Xuan Paper used for painting and calligraphy in China 中文摘要 宣纸是中国传统的文房四宝之一，有着近两千年的文化积淀。宣纸最早的记载是唐朝，当时的宣州（今天安徽泾县等地）曾经把当地的生产的好纸年年进献朝廷，因而得名“宣纸”。宣纸的发展历程经历了一个复杂漫长的原料的演变过程，最早使用桑树、麻的纤维，到明清逐渐采用了檀树皮和沙田稻草的纤维，这个过程大约用了今千年的时间，在清朝康熙、乾隆年间达到产量质量的高峰。当时的宣纸生产技术已经成熟，生产的宣纸具有“质滑、发墨色、宜笔锋、卷舒不渝”的特点。 宣纸最适宜作中国画，宣纸之所以能够体现中国书画的艺术特色主要是它具有的四大特色：润墨性、变形性、耐久性、抗虫性。中国画的特点之一是十分注重用墨，无论山水、人物、花鸟都可以用不同的墨色表现吸附性恰好适应这一要求。能根据画家的立意和布局使落在宣纸上的墨呈现出浓、淡、干、湿、焦等“五色”的变化，使画面生动、别有情趣。宣纸的种类繁多、各有特色。制成的宣纸按原料分为绵料、皮料、特净三大类，按厚薄分为单宣，夹宣、三层夹、罗纹、十刀头等多种。 1956年政府为了扶植传统手工业，拨款投资在泾县建立了第一座泾县国营宣纸厂，宣纸在品种和质量上得到了逐步的改进。 1979年以后宣纸的生产有了长足的进步，国内外对宣纸的需求量给宣纸的生产很大的推动力。宣纸的质量也有了很大的提高，获得了画家的一致好评。 Abstract Xuan paper is one of the four treasures of china traditional study,i.e. writing brush,ink stick,ink slab,paper , so far it has over 2000-year history. In Tang dynasty, the best paper produced in Xuan Zhou were presented to the court, so it got the name Xuan Paper. The usuage of Xuan Paper experienced a long , complicated process for the material . In Qing Danysty, the quality and production quantity of Xuan Paper have reached the peak. During that time, the Xuan Paper produced with following features: smooth , a little black, good for handwriting and not changeable no matter rolling up or not. Xuan paper is best for Chinese painitings because of its 4 features: absorbing ink immediately, long duration, changeable and anti-insect. In Chinese paintings, no matter for mountains, portraits or flowers, ink is used maily. Painters can use ink on the Xuan paper to expresss their ideas and design with the color light, black, dry, wet and burned, this makes the painting vivid. There are many kinds of Xuan Paper, the raw materials , thickness and functions are different. There are many usages for Xuan paper except for painitings and handwritings. Xuan paper can be used as advanced arichived files, diplomatic note，mounting a picture and so on. There are many ancient Chinese history books, handwritings and paintings