阮冰《传染病学总论》课件.pptVIP

Introduction of Communicable Diseases Introduce myself Protection of susceptible population Special immunological method — active: vaccine, bacterial vaccine, toxoid — passive: antitoxin, γ- globulin, immunoglobulin Non-special immunological method — improvement of nutrition — physical training The procedure of a childhood program for immunization ? OPV 4 years DTP Enhanced: 1.5-2 years BCG MV DT 7 years MV 8 months after birth HBV 6 months after birth DTP 5 months after birth OPV DTP 4 months after birth OPV DTP 3 months after birth OPV 2 months after birth HBV 1 months after birth BCG HBV Neonate Vaccine Age Questions Reviews Pathogen is eliminated or eradicated by host immunity Covert infection Overt infection Carrier state Latent infection Conception of infection spectrum ? Invasiveness Virulence Amount of the pathogen Variability The role of pathogen in the communicable diseases ? Sources of infection Routes of transmission Susceptibility of the population Essential conditions of epidemic process with communicable diseases ? Conception of zoonosis ? Some natural ecologic environment is suitable to the transmission of infectious diseases among wild animals. This area is called “focus of infection”. The human race may be infected when they get into these areas. This disease is called “zoonosis”, such as plague, leptospirosis, human avian influenza, and so on. Pathogen Infectivity Epidemiologic feature Postinfection immunity Basic characteristics of communicable diseases ? Incubation period Prodromal period Period of apparent manifestation Convalescent period The clinical phase in the development of acute communicable diseases ? Management of the sources of infection Interruption of the route of transmission Protection of susceptible population Preventio