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药理学绪：山东大学药理学英文课件
PHARMACOLOGY 药 理 学 张岫美 Zhang Xiu-mei 山东大学医学院 药理学研究所 教学八楼8325 Tel: 83146 Email: zhangxm@sdu.edu.cn CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1. The Nature and Duties of Pharmacology Pharmacology（药理学） To study the principles of interactions between drug and living system which includes human body, tumor cells and microorganisms and its mechanisms. Drug (药物，medicine, pharmakon, remedy, materia medica） Chemical substances (exogenous or endogenous substances e.g., synthetic drugs, hormones, antibiotics, peptides, and DNA fragments etc.) used to treat, prevent and diagnosis diseases. Even including family planning chemicals and rat poisons. Poison （毒物） Chemical substances to harm or injure human health in small dose. Some times poison can be used as a drug in suitable dose, such as toxins from plant or animals(snake venom). Drug may be a poison when use overdose or long term use. Barbiturates usually as sleeping drug, when use over dose it may cause intoxication. Poison Sometimes, the differences between drug and poison is dose. ? The dose makes the poison. ? If something is not a poison， it is not a drug. Sources of drugs Plant - alkaloids, glycoside Animal – insulin Microorganisms – antibiotics Synthetic chemicals Genetic engineering drugs Preparations（制剂） The Main Parts of Pharmacology a. Pharmacodynamics (药物效应动力学，药效学) Drug ≒ Body b. Pharmacokinetics (药物代谢动力学，药动学) Pharmacodynamics 药效动力学 To explain the biochemical or physical actions of drugs on the body. Include action, mechanisms, indications, adverse reactions, contraindications of the drug. Pharmacokinetics
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