国际货币和金融经济学03.pdfVIP

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国际货币和金融经济学03

INTERNATIONAL MONETARY AND Exchange Rate FINANCIAL ECONOMICS Systems Third Edition Past to Present Joseph P. Daniels David D. VanHoose Copyright © South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved. Concepts • Monetary Order: A set of laws and regulations that establishes the framework within which individuals conduct and settle transactions. • Exchange-Rate System: A set of rules that determine the international value of a nation’s currency. • Convertibility: The ability to freely exchange a currency for a reserve commodity or reserve currency. 2 The Gold Standard • Came into effect in the mid-1870s when most of the major economies unilaterally pegged to gold. • Nations fixed the value of their currency mint parity rate mint parity rate relative to gold via a mmiinntt ppaarriittyy rraattee. • Established the convertibility of a currency for gold. • Gold parity rates determined the exchange rate between currencies. 3 The Gold Standard • Pegging the value of each currency to gold, established an exchange rate system by indirectly establishing exchange rates. • The mint parity rates could be used to determine the exchange rate. 4 Gold Standard and Exchange Values • Pegging the value of each currency to gold established an exchange rate system. • The mint

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