社会保险制之年金制度的财务运作：.pdfVIP

社會保險制之年金制度的財務運作： Idealtypus 勞保年金座談會與談報告 台大公共經濟研究中心 2012.11.16 • 與談人 • 黃世鑫 • 台北大學財政學系名譽教授 1 方法論：Idealtypus • Ideal type (German: Idealtypus), also known as pure type, is a typological term most closely associated with antipositivist sociologist Max Weber (1864– 1920). For Weber, the conduct of social science depends upon the construction of hypothetical concepts in the abstract. The ideal type is therefore a subjective element in social theory and research; one of many subjective elements which necessarily distinguish sociology from natural science. • An ideal type is formed from characteristics and elements of the given phenomena, but it is not meant to correspond to all of the characteristics of any one particular case. It is not meant to refer to perfect things, moral ideals nor to statistical averages but rather to stress certain elements common to most cases of the given phenomena. It is also important to pay attention that in using the word “ideal” Max Weber refers to the world of ideas (German: Gedankenbilder thoughtful pictures) and not to perfection; these “ideal types” are idea-constructs that help put the chaos of social reality in order. • Weber himself wrote: “An ideal type is formed by the one-sided accentuation of one or more points of view and by the synthesis of a great many diffuse, discrete, more or less present and occasionally absent concrete individual phenomena, which are arranged according to those onesidedly emphasized viewpoints into a unified analytical construct... ” • /wiki/Ideal_type 2 什麼是永續和