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清涧话声母变异动态分析-dynamic analysis of initial consonant variation in qingjian dialect
AbstractLanguagedoesnotexistinisolationandintheprocessofcontactingwithotherlanguages,variationandchangeemerge.Variationtheoryliesattheheartofsociolinguistics,whichisasignificantbranchoflinguistics,anditconcentratesontheco-variationbetweenlinguisticstructureandsocialspace,tryingtoexplorethenatureoflanguagevariationandchange.QingjiandialectisavarietyofmandarinanditfallsintothecategoryofJindialectforitsenteringtone.Withtheradicaltransformationofthesocietyandtherapiddevelopmentofourcultureandeconomy,Qingjiandialecthasbeengoingthroughchangesovertheseyearswithinitssystemandthesechangespenetrateintoeverylayeroflanguage,phonetic,lexical,syntacticallayerandsoon.Undertheguidanceofvariationtheoryanditsmethodology,thisexperimentinvestigatedthephonologicalvariationoftheinitialsinQingjiandialectwiththehelpofaconveniencesampleof25keyinformants,requiringthemtoreadawordlistof79representativewordswhichconcludealltheinitialsofQingjiandialect.ThenabriefquestionnaireisdesignedtofurtherinvestigatetheattitudeofthemandothercitizenstowardsQingjiandialectandstandardChinesemandarin.Afterthephonetictranscriptionoftheacousticdata,statisticalanalysiswillbeperformedwiththehelpofMicrosoftOfficeExcel2007andtheresultswillbepresentedintheformsofhistograms,figuresortables.WefoundthattheactualuseofQingjiandialecthaschangedradicallycomparedwithprecedingrecordsandtheinitialsinQingjiandialectareapproachingtothoseofstandardChinesemandarin.Thisprocesscanbefurtherdividedintotwodirections:fromcolloquialpronunciationtoliterarypronunciationandfromcolloquialpronunciationtostandardChinesemandarin.Among25initialsthereare19initialsgoingthroughchangefromstandardQingjiandialecttostandardChinesemandarinamongwhichthreeoriginalsounds[v],[?]and[z]showedatendencytodisappear.Buttheshifthasnotfinishedanddifferentinitialvariationshowedvariedstagefeaturesandcertaindirectionalfeatureandthereisclearsocialstratificationunderlyingbeneaththem.What’smore,thefrequencyoftheusenewformsdecreasesastheageincreasesshowingit’sachangeinprog
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