十 动词不定式.docVIP

高 级 语 法 育英科技内部系列辅导材料 主编 王衡 （本教材含盖高中所有语法及重点考点） 动词不定式 Ⅰ概述： 基本形式：to do（to仅是个符号，本身无实义，也可叫小品词） 否定形式：not+to do; never+to do eg.:He warned his younger brother not to open the door. 特征： ⑴不及物动词的不定式可跟宾语 eg.:It’s important to master a foreign language. ⑵可被状语修饰 eg.:In order to hear the lecture clearly,I seated myself in the front. ⑶不定式具有名词，形容词，副词的特征，表示一个具体的动作，有将来时的含义，在句中作主、宾、表、定、状、宾补 ⑷无人称和数的变化 ⑸可有自己的逻辑主语 不定式的复合结构：for sb.+to do sth. eg.:It is essential for a person to stay happy every day. It is for you to decide. Ⅱ不定式的句法功能： 作主语： eg.:To see is to believe. To help poor people is our duty. 作表语： ⑴表示主语的“职业、职责或性质” eg.:Our duty is to help those people find their parents. ⑵主语是aim,purpose,hope,idea,intention,plan,suggestion,wish,decision,等词，常用不定式作表语 eg.:My wish is to travel around the world. ⑶主语和表语都是不定式，主语表示条件，表语表示目的或结果 eg.:To learn a language is to use it. 作宾语： ⑴不定式在下列及物动词后作宾语：want,hope,wish,like,begin/start,try,need,forget, agree,know,learn,promise,teach,refuse,help,arrange,dare,decide,determine,fail,manage,offer,prepare,pretend,hate,prefer,continue,ask,mean,choose,expect,desire etc. eg.:I expect to see you tomorrow. She wanted to borrow my dictionary. ⑵不定式还可跟在以下形容词后作宾语：glad,sure,afraid,able,sorry,free etc. eg.:You are free to go or stay. 作宾补： 不定式作其它成分，这一动作几乎没发生，有将来的意思，但作宾补有两种含义：⑴表将来动作，未发生 ⑵整个动作已完成 eg.:Please allow me to introduce Mr. White to you. 注：不定式作感官动词和使役动词的宾补时，在主动态的句中省略to eg.:I saw him go upstairs. (动作已完成) 作定语 eg.:I have a lot of work to do. The nurse has five children to look after. 作状语：表示目的、原因、结果或条件 ⑴表目的：还可用in order to /so as to表示 eg.:They do all they can to help the girl. ⑵表结果： ①so+adj.+as to; such+n.+as to eg.:He was so angry as to be unable to speak. We are not such fools as to believe him. ②…enough (for sb.)to… eg.:This book is easy enough for me to read ③too…to eg.:My eyesight is too poor to read such small letters. ④only to…,never to…表示意想不到的或糟糕的结果 eg.:I went to see him only to find him out. His father left home that night,never to b