初中英语语法梳理和提高18动词不定式讲解 试1.docVIP

初中英语语法梳理和提高18动词不定式讲解 试题 　　动词不定式 　　不定式：to + 动词原形 　　知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！ 　　动词不定式的基本形式是to + 动词原形，有时可以不带to。动词不定式（或不定式短语）没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍可保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。如：to read the newspaper, to speak at the meeting 等 　　动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语： 句法作用 例 句 作宾语She wanted to borrowed my radio. They began to read and write. 作状语She went to see her grandma last Sunday . He came to give us a talk yesterday.? 作宾语补足语Lucy asked him to turn off the radio. She asked me to speak more loudly Jim told Ling Feng to go home at once . The father made his son study hard. 作定语Have you got anything to say? I had something to eat this morning .作主语To learn a foreign language is not easy.　　注：作主语用的动词不定式常常为it替代，动词不定式（或短语）放在后面。例如： 　　? It is not easy to learn a foreign language. 　　? It took us three days to do the work. 　　动词不定式的否定形式由not+动词不定式构成.? 如: 　　Tell him not to be late. 　　The policeman told the boys not to play in the street. 　　4) 不定式省去to的情况: 在感官动词see，watch，look at，hear， listen to，feel和使役动词make，have，let等所接的宾语中（不定式做宾语不足语），不定式应省去to。但是在被动语态中不能省。如： 　　Let me listen to you sing the song. 　　He watched his son play computer games. 　　I saw him run away.------He was seen to run away. 　　The boss make the workers work the whole night.----The workers were made to work the whole night. 　　5) 动词不定式和疑问词连用 　　 动词不定式可以和疑问词what ,which, how, where, when 等连用，构成不定式短语。如： 　　? The question is when to start. 　　? I dont know where to go . 　　? He showed me how to use a computer. 　　? What to do is a big problem. 　　例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！ 　　翻译下列句子，说出句中不定式的作用： 　　1. To grow plants is very important. 　　2. It is so nice to hear your voice. 　　3. My dream is to be a pilot. 　　4. He began to read and write at the age of five. 　　5. The teacher asked me to speak more loudly. 　　6. Tom came to see me last night. 　　7. I am glad to see you. 　　8.Have you got anything to say? 　　9.There are many places to see in China. 　　10.I asked him not to open the window. 　　11. I