《相关管理专业英语》课件-OP MANAGEMENTCHAPTER-5.pptVIP

ITS NICE TO SEE YOU ;CHAPTER 5 ;What are “production” and “operations”?;The Major Production Process;Analytic System An analytic process breaks down raw materials into components to extract other products. For example, crude oil can be reduced to gasoline, kerosene, and wax. Continuous System Is the one which long production runs turn out finished goods over time. A chemical plant as an example, is run on a continuous process. Intermittent System It is used when responding to specific customer orders (make-to-order, MTO). This is an operation where the production run is short and the machines are changed frequently to make different products. For example, manufacture of customer-designed furniture would use an intermittent process.;Research and Development Effort;Facility Location; 2. Sources of Raw Materials: since the transportation costs associated with shipping raw material any great distance would be very high, many companies find it most profitable to place their plants near them. 3. Labor Supply: no doubt, all production operations require some manpower. Therefore, the firm must identify the type of labor it needs and then try to locate its facilities at least within commuting distance of people who will supply it. This is especially important in the case of those companies that need highly skilled people.; 4. Power and Water: some firms, such as chemical and fertilizer companies—need a great deal of electric power to produce their goods. And some firms, such as paper mills usually locate in areas where clean water is available in large quantities. 5. Community Consideration: in facility location the firms also need to look at the services available in the community. For example, some cities and towns will offer low taxes, offer fine education systems and, have many of the good things in life, such as clean air, clean water, and a low cost of living.;Production and Operation Planning; Operational planning: is the development of plans for utiliz