《相关管理专业英语》课件 chapter-6(PD).pptVIP

Chapter 6Planning and Decision Making;Your Confidence and Your Efforts Can Lead You Success in Life!!;Learning objectives;Daily Decision Surround You;Why we should choose?;What are the conditions we may meet in decision-making?;Issues about Decision Making;Decision-Making Approach;Decision-Making Conditions Decision making under certainty—Decision maker knows with reasonable certainty what the alternatives are and what conditions are associated with each alternative. This is an ideal situation, and can help managers make an accurate decision. Decision making under risk—the availability of each alternative and its potential payoffs and costs are all associated with risks. And different alternative will result different likelihood outcome Decision making under uncertainty—limited information prevents estimation of outcome probabilities, and decision makers does not know all the alternatives, and the risk is hard to forecast.; Whether Decision-making will result in many outcomes？;Decision Maker’s Style Directive style characterizes the low tolerance for ambiguity and a rational way of thinking of individuals who are logical and efficient and typically make fast decisions that focus on the short term. Analytic style characterizes the high tolerance for ambiguity combined with a rational way of thinking of individuals who prefer to have complete information before making decisions Conceptual style is referred to individuals who tend to be very broad in outlook, and focus on long run, and looking for creative solution Behavioral style refers to the one who think intuitively but have a low tolerance for uncertainty.;Choosing best alternative maximizing Satisficing Implementing the alternative Evaluating and information feedback;Methods for Uncertainty Decision Making ;Decision Making Process;The order of steps Step1 Identifying the problems Step2 Identifying decision criteria Step3 Allocating weights to criteria Step4 Developing alternatives/Identifying