Motivation课件.pptVIP

Chapter 12 Motivation What is Motivation? Motivation Starting, directing,and maintaining physical and psychological activities Motivation Functions of motivational concepts To relate biology to behavior To account for behavioral variability To infer private states from public acts To assign responsibility for actions To explain perseverance despite adversity Sources of Motivation Drives Internal states that arise in response to a disequilibrium Homeostasis Constancy or equilibrium Incentives External stimuli or rewards that motivate behavior Sources of Motivation Reversal theory Reversals from one to the other opposing metamotivational states Instincts Preprogrammed tendencies Expectations and cognitive approaches Social-learning theory Eating: Physiology Peripheral responses Satiety Central responses Lateral hypothalamus (LH) Ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) Eating: Psychology Obesity and dieting Eating disorders and body image Anorexia nervosa Bulimia nervosa Sexual Behaviors Nonhuman sexual behaviors Androgens Estrogen Pheromones Sexual Behaviors Human sexual arousal and response Excitement Plateau Orgasm Resolution Sexual Behaviors Sexual Behaviors Evolution of sexual behaviors Sexual norms Sexual scripts Date rape Homosexuality Nature and nurture of homosexuality Society and homosexuality Motivation for Personal Achievement Need for achievement (n Ach) Basic need to strive for achievement of goals Attributions for Success and Failure Attributions Judgments about the causes of outcomes Locus of control orientations Internal versus external Stability versus instability Global versus specific Optimism versus pessimism Work and Organizational Psychology Organizational psychologists Equity theory Workers are motivated to maintain fair and equitable relationships Expectancy theory Workers are motivated when they expect their efforts and job performance to result in desired outcomes Hierarchy of Needs End of Chapter 12 To Proceed, Click Button *Copyright 2002 Allyn