建筑环境及设备工程专业英语期末复习1.pptVIP

On the macroscopic level, the calculation of thermal radiation is based on the Stefan-Boltzmann law which relates the energy flux emitted by an ideal radiator to the fourth power of the absolute temperature 在宏观领域，计算热辐射是以玻尔兹曼法则为基准的。根据这个定律，理想辐射体辐射的热流与绝对温度的四次方成正比。 Flux：流量。 13 Convection, sometimes identified as a separate mode of heat transfer, relates to the transfer of heat from a bounding surface to a fluid in motion, or to the heat transfer across a flow plane, within the interior of the flowing fluid. 对流，有时候被看做是一种独特的传热方式。它是指从边界层向运动流体的传热。或者是通过流体内的一个流动面传递热量。 Interior：内部。 14 Detailed inspection of the heat transfer process in these cases reveals that the basic heat transfer mechanisms are conduction and radiation, both of which are generally influenced by the fluid motion. 仔细观察这些案例中的传热过程，揭示了传热基理是导热和辐射，两者都受流体运动的影响。 Reveal：揭示了。 Mechanisms：机制，原理。 15 For the most part we shall consider systems sufficiently idealized that analysis of their performance is within the range of our studies thus far. 迄今为止，在研究范围，分析特征对大部分来说，我们要对系统进行充分理想化考虑。 Sufficiently：充分的，充足的。 1 A refrigeration cycle is rated in terms of its cop (coefficient of performance): 制冷循环应该依照COP来评价。 Is rated评价 COP：工作系数 2 An interesting use of the refrigerator is a heat pump. Here the objective is not to keep a region cool but instead to keep a region (such as a house) warm. 制冷循环有趣的应用是热泵。这里它的目标不是保持一个区域凉爽而是保持一个地区（例如一个房子）温暖。 Objective：目标，客观的 Object：目标、物体，提出。。。反对意见。 3 The Carnot cycle is very useful in estimating limits of efficiency for given operating temperatures; 对于给定的运行温度而言，卡诺循环在评价效率极限时非常有用。 4 Since the element is very small, we can assume that the density of the fluid within the element is constant。 既然微元非常的小，那么我们可以假设在微元内的流体密度是一个常数。 5 A pitot tube, a small open tube with its open end pointing upstream, will intercept the kinetic energy of the flow and hence indicate the total energy head. 毕托管，一个很小，开口的管子，开口端指向来流的方向，会收集流体的动能然后表示出总的能量头。 6 The basic modes of heat transfer are conduction and radiation. 传热的基本方式是导热和辐射