土木工程专业英语9.pdf

1.1 Classification and Behavior of 1.1 Classification and Behavior of Structural Systems and Elements Structural Systems and Elements Primary Structural Elements (Based on Primary Structural Elements (Based on Stiffness) Stiffness) Rigid element – beam, column or strut, arch, flat plate, singly-curved plate, and shell Flexible elements – cable and membrane Derived elements – frame, truss, geodesic dome, net strut [] n. 支柱, strut [] n. 支柱, 压杆 压杆 strut-and-tie 拉-压杆 strut-and-tie 拉-压杆 singly-curved plate strut strut strut strut Tie Tie Frames Frames The frame has rigid joints that are made between The frame has rigid joints that are made between vertical and horizontal members. This joint vertical and horizontal members. This joint rigidity imparts (给予) a measure of stability rigidity imparts (给予) a measure of stability against lateral forces. against lateral forces. In a framed system both beams and columns are In a framed system both beams and columns are bent as a consequence of the action of the load on bent as a consequence of the action of the load on the structure. the structure. bent bent bowed bowed Animate Rigid joint between beam and column Rigid joint between beam and column Trusses 桁架 Trusses 桁架 Trusses are structural members made by assembling Trusses are structural members made by assembling short, straight members into triangulated pat