牛津英语7A语法.docVIP

牛津英语7A语法 (一) 一般过去时的构成及用法 1）一般过去时的形式: ????动词?be: 第一人称单数和第三人称单数用?was, 其余的人称一律用?were。 ????动词?have: 一律用?had, 没有人称和数的变化。 ????行为动词：一律用过去式，没有人称和数的变化，行为动词的过去式有两类，一类是规则动词，另一类是不规则动词。 肯定 否定 动词 be I was ... I was not ... You were ... You were not ... He/She/It was ... He/She/It was not ... We were ... We were not ... You You They They 动词 have I had ... I had not ... You You He/She/It He/She/It We We You You They They 行为动词 (study) I studied ... I did not study ... You You He/She/It He/She/It We We You You They They ????行为动词的过去时的否定式，要使用助动词 do 的过去式否定式?did not，后面的谓语动词要还用原形。在非正式语如口语中。did not 可用紧缩形式?didn’t。 ????一般疑问和简略回答 一般疑问 简略回答 动词 be Were you ...? Was he ...? Were they ...? Yes, I was. No, I was not. Yes, he was. No, he was not. Yes, they were. No, they were not. 动词 have Had you ...? Had he ...? Had they ...? Yes, I had. No, I had not. Yes, he had. No, he had not. Yes, they had. No, they had not. 行为动词 (study) 　 Did you study ... ? Did he study ...? Did they study ...? 　 Yes, I did. No, I did not. Yes, he did. No, he did not. Yes, they did. No, they did not. ????注意：was not, were not, had not?和?did not 可以分别缩写成?wasn’t, weren’t, hadn’t?和?didn’t。 特殊疑问句 回答 动词?be ?Where was she? ?She was at home. 行为动词(study) ?When did you study English? ?I studied it last year. 2) 行为动词的一般过去式： ????行为动词的过去式有规则变化和不规则变化两种。规则动词的过去式是在动词原形后加-ed 构成。构成及读法如下表： 在动词后加 -ed 以e结尾的动词后加 -d 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词先将y变为i再加-ed 以重读闭音节或r音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双辅音字母后再加-ed（以x结尾的词除外 在清辅音后读[t] worked helped hoped liked --- stopped, mapped 在元音和浊辅音后读[d] stayed called believed lived studied tried planned referred 在辅音t, d后读[id] wanted needed --- --- permitted, admitted 3) 一般过去时的用法： ????a. 表示过去的动作或状态，常和明确的过去时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last week, three days ago, in 1998等，或与由when引导的从句。 eg. I saw him yesterday. ????She bought the bike two years ago. ????He was there just now. ????Where did you live when you were you