贵州省湄潭县耕地集约利用分析word格式论文.docxVIP

摘 要我国是一个人多地少的国家。随着人口增长、工业化和城镇化加速发展， 非农建设占用耕地越来越多，另一方面，我国耕地后备资源量少质差，农业生 产投入不足，集约化水平低。因此，由于这两方面的原因，人地矛盾日益尖锐。 本文基于 PSR 框架，从压力、状态和响应 3 个层面构建了评价耕地集约利用水 平的 10 个指标：地均人口、粮食安全系数、粮食单产、地均产值、复种指数、 灌溉指数、耕地平衡指数、地均劳力投入、机械化率和地均化肥施用量。运用 此指标体系，以单项指标为主，综合指标为辅，研究了湄潭县建县以来耕地集 约利用的历史变化特征、存在的问题、趋势及其成因，以及上世纪 90 年代以来 湄潭县耕地集约利用的空间分异特点。通过研究发现，湄潭县耕地利用集约化水平不高，农业生产处于传统农业 向现代农业过渡阶段。由于受自然条件和社会经济条件的影响，从各历史阶段 来看，集约化水平在短期中有所波动，在长期中不断提高，90 年代以来，在县 域范围内集约度存在一定的地区差异。基于以上研究结论，提出如下政策建议： (1)增加农业生产投入，依靠农业科技进步，提高耕地集约利用水平和综合效益； (2)提高耕地质量，加快耕地生态环境建设，保护土壤农业生物多样性； (3)发 展特色农业，调整耕地种植结构，促使农业高效集约利用；(4)积极培育农产品 市场，加快建立社会化服务体系。关键词：耕地；集约利用；PSR；湄潭县AbstractChina is a country of more people and less land. With the population growth and the acceleration of industralization and urbanization, more and more non-agricultural constructions occupy the cultivated land. On the other hand, Chinas reserve cultivated land resources is less poor both in quantity and quality; agricultural production input is insufficient and hence low intensification levels. For these two reasons, there are increasingly acute contradictions between population and cultivated land. Based on the PSR framework, to evaluating the level of intensive use of cultivated land, this thesis constructs 10 index in 3 ways: pressure, state and response including population per hectare, food security coefficient, per unit area yield of grain, farmland output value per hectare, multiple-crop index, irrigation index, balance index of cultivated land, labor input per hectare, the rate of mechanization and the quantity of fertilizer utilization per hector. By use of this indicator system, mainly to individual indicators, supplemented by a composite indicator , this thesis study the history of intensive use of cultivated land in Meitan County which include the characteristics, variation trends and their causes after the county’s setting up as well as the space differentiation characteristics since the 1990s.Through the study, It is founded that the level of intensive u