句子成分及5种简单句.docVIP

句子成分和简单句 句子的成分 （一）、句子各成分的定义 1.主语句子叙述的主体 谓语说明主语所发出的动作。由动词来。 宾语是动作的对象或承受者。 定语用于描述名词,代词,短语的性质,特征范围等情况 Tom is a good boy The two girls are students. 5.状语说明事发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式,条件或伴随情况,程度等情况。 补语是起补充说明作用的成份。的作用对象是主语和宾语表语是用来说明主语的性质,身份,特征和状态。一般放在系动词之后。 同位语7.主语部分和谓语部分 表语和系动词一起构成谓语；主语同位语则跟主语划到一起，宾语同位语则跟宾语划到一起。 （三）、各成分的基本位置关系 主语在谓语前 宾语在谓语后 主语和宾语前是定语 谓语前是状语 主语、宾语后是补语或同位语 二、简单句的5种结构 （一）简单句就是只有主谓宾的句子。 “主谓”结构（扩充定语和状语） The car disappeared(消失). “主系表”结构 The girl is very clever. “主谓宾”结构 The boy speaks English. “主谓宾+宾补”结构 We [all] think (his) story interesting.在这里interesting当补语，补充说明宾语story，体会一下把补语去掉是什么滋味儿。 “主谓+间宾+直宾”结构 He gives me (a) pen.这句话中有2个宾语，pen是直接宾语，me是间接宾语。 （二）、there + be 句型。 1.“there + be ”表示“有”。主语不是there , 而是be 动词后面的词语。 例1：There is a book and a pencil on the desk.主语不是there，而是is后面的book 和pencil. 2.there+be句型的be动词的单复数取决于它右边的第一个主语的数。 例2：There are three books and an apple on the desk. 练习一 (一). 指出下列句中主语（4分， 4分钟） ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here. ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. ④ To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult. (二) 选出句中谓语的中心词（10分， 10分钟） ① I dont like the picture on the wall. A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer ③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus ④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon ⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A.Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast ⑥ Tom didnt do his homework yesterday. A. Tom B. didnt C. do D. his homework ⑦ What I want to tell you is this. A. want B. to tell C. you D. is ⑧ We had better send for a doctor. A. We B. had C. send D.