类比Analogy.pptVIP

Presentation Title Definition e.g Writing a book of poetry is like dropping a rose petal down the Grand Canyon and waiting for the echo. 写一本有关诗歌的书如同将一片玫瑰花瓣扔进大峡谷等待它的回音。 （将“写书的动作”和“把玫瑰花瓣扔到大峡谷等回音”相类比） Some patterns of analogy: 1.A is to B as C is to D e.g:Air is to man as water is to fish. Food is to man as fuel is to engine. 2.A is to B what C is to D e.g:Judicious(明智的) praise is to children what the sun is to flower. 3.(just) as A...B,(so) C...D e.g:Just as Darwin discovered the law of organic nature,so Marx discovered the law of development of the human history. 4.if A were B,C would...D e.g:If society were a train,the etiquette(礼节，礼仪；规矩) would be the rails(轨道) along which only the train could rumble forth;if society were a state coach,the etiquette would be the wheels and axis on which only the coach roll forward. Function Analogy is chiefly used for the purpose of persuasion or for the explanation or exposition of an idea. 类比可通过许多平行的相似来扩展，来说服读者由于两件事在许多方面很相似，一件事物得出的结论暗示另一件事物也可得出同样的结论。另外，类比的事物通常是人们熟悉的。 Distinguish metaphor,simile from analogy: Analogy is a special form of comparison which draws parallel similarities between two unlike things(or the two unlike things have several similar properties). All metaphors and similes are based on analogy.But an analogy compares two things not only in one aspect as a simile or a metaphor does,but also gaps between the two things as many similarities as possible and then develop them so as to make the comparisons more outstanding and effective. 比喻属于修辞范畴，类比属于逻辑范畴。比喻在“喻”，以彼喻此，显示本体与喻体之间的形似或神似； 类比侧重“类”，以彼类此，显示本体与类体之间的神似或质同。 e.g As cold water to a thirsty soul,so is good news from a far country.(analogy) Jim wormed his way through the thicket灌木丛 towards the forest.(metaphor) My brain was as powerful as a dynamo发电机,as precise as chemists scales,as penetrating as a scalpel外科手术刀.(simile) Differences between comparison and analogy: * 类比 Analogy(类比)：It compares two things,which are alike in various respects,for the purpose of exp