Hydraulicsapplications钻井设计中的水力应用.pptVIP

PERFORM Hydraulics Applications Objectives Provide basic understanding of Mud Rheology and models Provide basic understanding and application of drillstring hydraulics Hydraulics Software Tools to estimate pressure losses 4 Rheological Models Bit and Reamer Nozzle Selection and Optimization Pressure Loss Calculations for MWD/LWD Tools Motor Performance Extended Circulating Capacities Choke lines, Riserless Drilling, Mudlift Hole Cleaning Efficiency Swab and Surge Pressure Calculation Necessary Software Features Feature Benefit Drilling Fluid Circulation Purposes Control formation pressures Drive motor/turbine Provide wellbore stability Cool the bit Clean cuttings from the hole bottom Clean cuttings from the bit Transport cuttings to surface Types of Hydraulics Models Newtonian Follow a linear relationship between shear stress and shear rate Viscosity is a constant (Air, water light hydrocarbon oils) Non-Newtonian Models Non-Newtonian fluids do not have a constant viscosity The shear stress - shear rate relationship varies depending upon the viscosifier Types of Hydraulics Models Bingham Plastic Bingham plastic model fluids are characterized by a yield point and a plastic viscosity that is independent of the shear rate No known examples of true Bingham plastic fluids Power Law The Power Law model is used to determine the n (power law index) and K (consistency index) All polymer muds exhibit power law behavior over part of the shear rate range Herschel-Bulkley Modified Power Law (6 rpm readings) Hydraulics Models Overview Mud Rheology Plastic Viscosity (PV) Slope of the Bingham Plastic shear stress vs. shear rate curve Difference of 600 and 300 rpm reading from Fann V-G Function of the active solids in the mud (clay particles) Yield Point (YP) Measure of the electrical attractive forces in the mud under flowing conditions (lbs/100ft2) “Y” intercept of stress vs strain plot 300 rpm reading minus PV from Fann V-G Meter Mud Rheology Fann Data A Fann viscometer