Book1unit1_Friendship_Grammar2精品.ppt

Direct speech 直接引语和间接引语 indirect speech 引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式:一是原封不动地引用原话,把它放在括号内,这叫直接引语(Direct speech);一是用自己的话加以转述, 这叫间接引语(Indirect speech). → Tom asked me what I was doing. 1) He said , “I’m going to America.” → He said that he was going to America. 2) He asked, “Are you a professor?” → He asked me if /whether I was a professor. 3) Tom said , “What are you doing?” Answer and observe （5m） → Tom told me not to do that. 4) Tom said , “Don’t do that ?” Tricks （6） 陈述句 Declarative 一般疑问句 Interrogative 特殊疑问句 Special Interrogative 祈使句 Imperative Direct speech Indirect speech 时态tense 人称 person 带词 pronoun 时间 time 地点 place 动词 verb 由直接引语转变为间接引语,有时会引时态的变化, 注意以下几个方面: 直接引语(变化前) 间接引语(变化后) 主句动词为一般现在时或现在完成时 She often says, “All men and women are equal under the law.” 从句动词时态不变 She often says that all men and women are equal under the law. 一般现在时 现在完成时 现在进行时 一般将来时 一般过去时 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去进行时 过去将来时 过去完成时 Direct speech Indirect speech Tense In some cases we don’t change the tense ： 1.直接引语表述的是客观真理 A truth，变为间接引语时，时态不变 The geography teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.” 2 . 习惯 时间表 Timetable ，历史事件 historical events 3 . 谚语 ，格言 proverb ，a quotation 由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况时态不变: 1. 不变的真理 The teacher said to the students, “Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0℃.” → The teacher told the students that water freezes when the temperature falls below 0℃. 2. 经常的习惯： He said to the doctor, “I smoke two packs every day.” → He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day. 3. 历史事件： The teacher said, “World War Ⅱ ended in 1945.” → The teacher said that World War Ⅱ ended in 1945. 4. 部分情态动词,如must, ought to, used to, had better等： She said to me: “You must hurry up.” → She said that I must hurry up. Direct Speech Indirect Speech Pronoun Adverbial of place Verb this, that, these those now, then, today that day this week that week yesterday the day before las