多水源灌区节水农业技术研究 太原理工大学.docVIP

多水源灌区目前水资源利用中存在的主要问题是：一是重视水利工程建设，轻视农业水资源管理。一些先进的农业节水技术和现代化的管理措施得不到大面积推广，大部分灌区灌溉水利用率低、灌水定额偏大，造成水资源的大量浪费；二是对农业生态环境重视不够。井灌区出现大面积的地下水位下降漏斗区，全国已经出现了56个地下水区域性下降漏斗，总面积大于8.2万km2。三是灌溉工程老化不配套，灌溉面积下降。 针对目前农业生产及农业水资源利用中存在的主要问题，本课题选取了典型的井渠结合灌溉灌区，就井渠结合灌区普遍存在的水资源利用不合理、水环境恶化、节水措施单一、节水效果得不到充分发挥、灌溉效益不高等一系列问题进行技术研究和探索，将对农业生产的进步、经济的可持续发展和水资源的可持续利用发挥重要作用，同时对类似地区也有重要的指导意义。本论文的主要研究内容如下： (1) 主要作物节水抗旱品种的筛选针对区的主导作物玉米和冬小麦，通过文献调研、小区试验、产量调查，对不同品种的产量、水分利用率进行分析，筛选适合于本区的冬小麦、玉米抗旱品种； (2) 主要作物水肥耦合关系及合理灌溉制度研究以节水增产、增效为目标，进行坑测水肥生产函数试验及模型研究；在此基础上，制定主要作物的合理灌溉制度； (3) 作物种植模式研究通过小区试验，比选主要作物的复播、间作、套种农作制度与种植模式； (4) 选择适合井渠结合灌溉类型区的多种节水技术，以节水高效为目标进行技术集成组合对所选定的典型组合进行田间示范，对产量、投入、效益等进行测试。提出各种技术集成组合形式的投入产出效益关系。关键词：，，，km2. third, irrigated projects is old and is not layout, irrigated areas drop. Aimed at problems of above mention this paper selects typical irrigated areas and progresses technical research and explore for those problems in Jinzhong city, for example water saving is irrational, water environment deteriorate, saving water steps are singleness, saving water effect can not fully exert, irrigated benefit is low-rise. This will exert important effect for advancement of agricultural production, economic continuable development and water resource continuable using, at one time there is directive meaning in similar areas. This paper main content are following: the filtering on fighting a drought breeds of crop The main crops are corn and wheat in item area, through literature research, examination in area and output research put up analysis for output of differ breed and water using rate, at last some fighting a drought breeds of crop and wheat are filtered. (2)the water-fertilizer coupling relation of main crop and study on rationalization irrigated system Water-fertilizer creative function and model are studied with the aim of saving water and increasing production; on the based we establish rational irrigated system. (3)the study on crop planting mode Through experiment we vote in repeatedly seeding, inte