营养与减肥精品.ppt

17 Xenical Slide Kit August 1998 Section 1 17 幻灯 17: 美国妇女体重指数与患2型糖尿病的相对危险因素的关系 一项涉及115,000名美国护士前瞻性的研究表明, 经过调整年龄, 体重指数BMI与2型糖尿病的发生密切相关. 体重指数超过35kg/m2的人群, 危险因素100倍于体重指数小于22kg/m2的人群. 21 Xenical Slide Kit August 1998 Section 1 21 幻灯 21: 肥胖: 美国的主要死因 1990年美国有超过300,000例死亡与不恰当饮食和生活方式直接有关, 这一数字仅次于首位的因吸烟而死亡的人数, 并超过因药物使用, 车祸和枪击死亡的总和. 22 Xenical Slide Kit August 1998 Section 1 22 幻灯 22: 体重指数与年龄相关的死亡率 体重指数和早死不论男女均存在一清楚的U型联系. 一项挪威的180万人协作研究和Framingham研究都不约而同地表明理想的体重指数为21-25. 体重指数21时所出现的死亡率增加与抽烟有关, 这是基于在Framingham研究中80%的轻体重者吸烟. 去除抽烟这个因素, 数据表明50-62岁男性每增加0.45公斤体重死亡危险性加大2%, 30-49岁男性则加大1%. 25 Xenical Slide Kit August 1998 Section 1 25 Slide 25: Psychological impact of obesity Obesity has a profound effect on the quality of life of the individual patient. The limitations imposed by musculo-skeletal, respiratory and cardiovascular disorders are frequently compounded by the psychological consequences of obesity (low self-esteem, depression and social isolation). Prejudice and discrimination add to the misery of the obese patient and contribute to the generally lower levels of academic achievement and employment opportunities amongst obese patients. The quality of life is made poorer by reduced sexual activity. 27 Xenical Slide Kit August 1998 Section 1 27 Slide 27: Economic consequences of obesity The treatment of obesity and its associated co-morbidities imposes a substantial burden on healthcare budgets. Two categories can be identified: direct costs, e.g. medical care costs, and indirect costs, e.g. lost working hours and premature death. 27 Xenical Slide Kit August 1998 Section 1 27 Slide 27: Economic consequences of obesity The treatment of obesity and its associated co-morbidities imposes a substantial burden on healthcare budgets. Two categories can be identified: direct costs, e.g. medical care costs, and indirect costs, e.g. lost working hours and premature death. 30 Xenical Slide Kit August 1998 Section 1 30 Slide 30: Summary Obesity is a chronic co