English literature 英美文化 西南财大.pptVIP

English literature  Introduction Generally speaking, the Old English poetry that has survived can be divided into two groups: the religious group and the secular（世俗的，非宗教的） one. The poetry of the religious group is mainly on biblical themes. In addition to these religious compositions, Old English poets produced the national epic poem, Beowulf, and a number of more or less lyrical poems（抒情诗）of shorter length . It was almost a barren period in literary creation from 1066 up to the mid-14th century . But in the second half of the 14th century, English literature started to flourish with the appearance of writers like Geoffrey Chaucer, William Langland（朗格兰.威廉） , John Gower, and others. Middle English literature deals with a wider range of subjects, is uttered说 by more voices and in a greater diversity of styles, tones and genres类型, 流派 Popular folk literature also occupies an important place in this period. Its presentation of life is not only accurate but also lively and colorful, though the originality9独创性，创意)of thought is often absent in the literary works of this period. Besides, Middle English literature strongly reflects the principles of the medieval Christian doctrine, which were primarily concerned with the issue of personal salvation(超度，赎罪). 　古英语文学?英国在10世纪以前属于古英语时期?，早期的凯尔特等部族及?5?世纪入侵的?盎?格?鲁?、撒克逊和朱特人，起初都没有留下书面文学。6世纪末到7世纪末，由于肯特国王阿瑟尔伯特皈依基督教，该教僧侣开始以拉丁文著书写诗，其中以比德?所著《?英国人民宗教史?》最?有历史和文学价值。9世纪?，威塞克斯国王阿尔弗雷德为振兴文化?，组织人力将各种拉丁文著作译成英语，并倡导以英语撰写《盎格鲁-撒克逊编年史》，其中包括有关盎格鲁-撒克逊和朱特人的英雄史诗《贝奥武甫》和《朱迪斯》，以及一些抒情诗、方言诗、谜语和宗教诗、宗教记述文、布道词。 　　中古英语文学?11世纪，随着诺曼人入侵?，古英语渐渐演化为中古英语，文学上开始流行模仿法国的韵文体骑士传奇，其中以《高文骑士与绿衣骑士》最有艺术价值。14世纪后半叶是中古英语发展的高峰，出现了似受?古英语诗影响的口头韵体诗，最有名的长诗《农夫彼尔斯的幻想》，一般认为是教会人员朗兰德所写，以中世纪梦幻故事的形式探讨人间善恶，讽刺社会丑行，表达对贫苦农民的深切同情。此时期国王查理第二当政?，宫廷开始用盎格鲁-诺曼法语，王室贵族兴起赞助文人之风。英国文学史上出现的第一位大诗人乔叟以其诗体短篇小说集《坎特伯雷故事集》和其他长短诗集成为英国文学的重要奠基人。15世纪，有民间歌谣抄本流传至今，最有名的是关于绿林好汉罗宾汉的传说；马洛礼的散文小说《亚瑟王之死》为英国小说的雏形。 Time Schedule Old English literature The study of English literature begins with Anglo-Sa